Ch 18 Endocarditis Flashcards
What 6 sub-poplations have high prevalence of infective endocarditis?
Older age groups (>50)
Males
IV Drug Users
Advanced HIV infections
Hemodialyis AV shunts
Permanent pacemakers
What are the 3 high risk factors for endocarditis?
- Prosthetic valves
- Surgical shunts
- Previous Infective endocarditis
What are the 4 moderate risk factors for endocarditis?
- Congenital
- Acquired
- HOCM with LVOT obstruction
- Mitral Valve Prolapse with MR
What are the most common organisms to cause infective endocarditis of native heart valves?
- Streptococcus (Viridans and Bovis)
- Staphylococcus (aureus and epidermidis)
60-80%
What are the least common organisms to cause infective endocarditis of native heart valves?
Enterococci
Fungi
HACEK organisms
(Haemophilus species, Aggregatibacter species, Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens, and Kingella species)
What is the most common to least common valves that native endocarditis infects?
Left > Right
Aortic > Mitral > Tricuspid > Pulmonic
What are the 4 most common organisms that cause prosthetic valve endocarditis?
- Coagulase negative staphylococcus
- Staphylococcus Aureus
- Streptococcus
- Enterococci
What defines early vs. late prosthetic valve endocarditis?
Early = Within 2 months of valve implantation
Late = After 1 year of valve implantation
What % of prosthetic valve cases are infective endocarditis?
7-25%
What is the % of incidence of endocarditis of prosthetic valves in the 1st year?
3%
What is the % of incidence of endocarditis of prosthetic valves in each subsequent year after the 1st year?
1% each year
What % of patients with infective endocarditis are blood culture negative?
5-10%
What is the time frame of subacute bacterial endocarditis?
Weeks to Months
What is the time frame of acute bacterial endocarditis?
Fulminant <2 weeks
What is the virulence of subacute bacterial endocarditis?
Low grade pathogens, Mild clinical symptoms
Successfully treated with antibiotics
What is the virulence of Acute bacterial endocarditis?
Virulent organisms that lead to acutely ill patients
What % of infective endocarditis cases have serious complications such as heart failure, stroke and perivalvular extension?
Over 50%
What is the in hospital mortality rate of infective endocarditis?
15-20%
What is the 1 year mortality rate of infective endocarditis?
30-40%
What are the 4 major Duke Criteria?
Vegetation
Abscess
NEW partial dehiscence
NEW valvular regurgitation
What are the 3 minor Duke Criteria?
New nodular thickening
Valve perforation
Non-oscillating mass
What is the sensitivity of TTE for Endocarditis?
60%