Ch 18: COPD

Question 1

Disease characterized by the presence of airflow obstruction that is attributable to either chronic bronchitis or emphysema

Answer 1

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Question 2

Presence of a productive cough most days during 3 consecutive months in each of 2 successive years

Answer 2

Chronic Bronchitis

Question 3

Pathological or anatomical diagnosis marked by abnormal permanent enlargement of the respiratory bronchioles and the alveoli, the air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles, and is accompanied by destruction of the lung parenchyma without obvious fibrosis

Answer 3

Emphysema

Question 4

T/F: Asthma is categorized as a component of COPD

Answer 4

False, asthma is NOT categorized as a component of COPD

Question 5

What are the major risk factors for developing COPD?

Answer 5

• Exposure to toxins from smoke
• Several rare genetic syndromes
• Abnormal lung development
• Oxidative stress-induced accelerated aging

Question 6

What is the primary risk factor for COPD?

Answer 6

Cigarette Smoking

Question 7

Excessive cough and sputum production are characteristic symptoms of _____.

Answer 7

Chronic bronchitis

Question 8

Spirometry (airflow) is not altered until the _____ (small airways) and parenchyma are damaged (mucus plugging, inflammation, and increased smooth muscle).

Answer 8

Bronchioles

Question 9

Increased cough, purulent sputum production, wheezing, dyspnea, and occasional fever are symptoms of ____.

Answer 9

COPD

Question 10

When a COPD patient is exercising, what should be assessed?

Answer 10

BP, ECG, arterial oxygen saturation, and dyspnea (Borg scale)

Question 11

The 4 areas to be considered during treatment:

Answer 11

1. Smoking cessation: improve patient survival
2. Oxygen therapy: significant reduction in mortality
3. Pharmacological therapy: induce bronchodilation, decreasing the inflammatory reaction, and managing and preventing respiratory infections
4. Pulmonary rehabilitation: multidisciplinary and comprehensive intervention for patients with chronic respiratory diseases who are symptomatic and often have decreased ADLs

Question 12

T/F: Heart rate is a reliable indicator of exercise intensity in COPD patients

Answer 12

False: heart rate is NOT a reliable indicator of exercise intensity in COPD patients; therefore intensity is monitored by dyspnea or ratings of perceived exertion

Question 13

Three areas to focus on when training a COPD patient:

Answer 13

1. lower extremity aerobic exercise
2. resistance training (whole body, upper extremity)
3. Ventilatory (inspiratory) muscle training

Question 14

How many days a week should a COPD patient perform AEROBIC exercise?

Answer 14

3 days/week

Question 15

How many days a week should a COPD patient perform resistance and flexibility training?

Answer 15

> 2 days/week

Question 16

How many days a week should a COPD patient perform inspiratory muscle training?

Answer 16

At least 4 days/week

Question 17

IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER:

Answer 17

Exercise testing and training any patient with chronic disease involves individualization of treatment based on all patient information available

Question 18

IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER:

Answer 18

It is crucial that the exercise professional be familiar with each patient’s history and severity of diagnosis before the development of an exercise program and that the program be individualized for each patient