Ch. 18 Bacteria, Archaea and Viruses

Question 1

What is the two-domain tree?

Answer 1

LUCA: the ancestor of all living things

Question 2

What is a lateral gene transfer?

Answer 2

A gene you got from a strange source (like through endosymbiosis)

Question 3

What is a vertical gene transfer?

Answer 3

A gene you got from a parent

Question 4

Explain this statement: Gene X is NOT a shared derived trait of Species C and D

Answer 4

It isn’t shared derived because species D got the gene from species C but it isn’t a species evolved out of species D. It received the gene by a lateral gene transfer.

Question 5

Describe the differences/characteristics between bacteria, prokaryotic archaea, and eykarya.

Answer 5

Question 6

True or false: Do prokaryotic archaea have phospholipids that are branched and use there linkages or no?

Answer 6

True

Some have a lipid monolayer and others have a lipid bilayer like bacteria and eukaryotes

Question 7

What is a gram stain?

Answer 7

separates bacteria into two distinct groups based on the nature of their cell walls

Question 8

What does gram negative mean?

Answer 8

bacteria are pink/red when subjected to gram stain

Question 9

What does gram positive mean?

Answer 9

bacteria are purple or blue when subjected to gram stain

Question 10

Describe the process if forming a biofilm.

Answer 10

Question 11

Where are prokaryotes found?

Answer 11

• mostly soil, deep continental subsurface, ocean, upper oceanic sediment, and deep oceanic subsurface
• everywhere even places of extreme temperatures and on and in other organisms

Question 12

What is a virus?

Answer 12

• they consist of genetic material, either DNA or RNA enclosed in a protein coat
• they can evolve through genetic recombination, some other stuff, and reassortment which can lead to new viral strands