Ch 18 Flashcards
The —————— was made up of mostly clergy. They were extremely wealthy and had many privileges in France.
1st estate
The ————- were the French nobles who owned land and didn’t have to pay taxes
2nd Estate
The ———— made of 98% of the French population. They were the middle class, the peasants, the city laborers
3rd Estate
The———— where the wealthiest members of the third estate. They were the middle class made up of bankers, merchants, manufacturers, lawyers, doctors, and journalists.
Bourgeoisie
————- is when the government spends more money than it takes in. Louis XVI put France in deep debt by spending too much money and by being a weak leader
Deficit spending
Who was a financial expert, who Louis XVI chose as an advisor to help him with the poor economy
Jacques Necker
King Louis XVI summon the ———- which consisted of representatives from all estates, because France was on the verge of bankruptcy and riots were spreading
Estates general
Cahiers were———— full of grievances like fairer taxes and freedom of the press from the third estate to Louis XVI
Notebook
The———- was a pledge that the national assembly took to draft a new constitution for France
Tennis court oath
The storming of the ————- which occurred on July 14 was the symbol of the French revolution. It happened when the crowd wanted weapons and gun powder, supposedly kept at this prison. The soldiers open fire on the crowd in the mall broke through the greats killing many soldiers but finding no weapons or gun powder
Bastille
The main reason for Francis financial crisis was the ————— which drove food prices very high this in turn caused wide spread hunger among the people. Also deficient spending from wars and Louis XVI‘s extravagances put the country into extreme debt
Bad harvests
Due to fear and starving to death the peasants attacked the nobles in France who were trying to collect dues from them. This was known as the _________
Great fear
__________ The French hero of the American Revolution was a political Moderate who led the national assembly in France
Marquice da Lafayette
At the beginning of the French revolution the __________
issued “ the declaration of rights of man and the Citizen” which was based on the American Declaration of Independence
National assembly
_________ is the right to vote. In France, only male citizens both property and non-property owners could vote
Suffrage
__________ said that “women or born free” because she wanted equal rights for women in France
Olympus de Gouges
The _________ made a 12 mile march on Versailles because they wanted bread and they were extremely upset with the king and queen. The king and queen then return/lead to
Women
The ________ are those who fled Revolutionary France, like nobles and elegy. They reported on the horrific attacks on people’s rights religion and etc.
Emigres
_______ or working class men and women who wanted a republic so they could earn a wage for working
Sans- culottes
The _________ were a revolutionary political club in the legislative assembly made up of middle class lawyers and intellectuals. They used newspapers in leaflets to explain their cause
Jacobins
___________ was the queen of France, who was married to Louis XVI. She was from Austria and was very frivolous and extravagant and immoral. She and Louis XVI were eventually be headed
Marie Antoinette
The committee of Public Safety issued the levee en masse which was a massive ________place on all citizens to contribute to the war effort
Tax
________ was a Jacobin revolutionary who led the reign of terror. He was a tyrant who wanted to kill all criminals and even those who were just accused of a crime
Robespierre
During the reign of terror, most people were executed by beheading with the ________
Guillotine
Over 40,000 people were killed during the _________ which lasted from July 1793 to July 1794
Reign of terror
After the reign of terror, the _________ were moderates who took control from the radical revolutionaries
Directory
_________ is a feeling of pride in one’s country
Nationalism
_________ what is the French emperor who dominated Europe in the early 1800s
Napoleon
A _____________ is a ballot in which voters say yes or no to an issue. Napoleon use this to gain his power
Plebiscite
The _________ protects the equality of all citizens before the law, grants religious toleration, the abolition of feudalism, and advancement based on merit however women last rights under this because they were not considered citizens
Napoleonic code
Napoleons invasion‘s were very numerous. He conquered the Netherlands, Belgium. Switzerland and parts of Italy Germany, Prussia and Poland however he could not conquer ________
Britain
The continental system was Napoleon’s plan of __________ warfare against the British by closing European ports to British goods
Economic
In order to stop the advancement of Napoleon, Russia use the ________ policy which devastated Napoleons army by starving and freezing them to death over the winter time
Scorched-Earth
________. Means to give up power. Napoleon did this when he was dethroned in exiled to the island of Elba, which eventually escape from
Abdicate
The battle of __________ , Napoleon was finally crash by the English and Prussian armies. This was the end of Napoleon because he was exiled to the island of Helena
Waterloo
The ________ wanted to restore stability, peace, and order in Europe by establishing a balance of power.
Congress of Vienna
