Ch 17: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances Flashcards
% water in adult body
50-60%
Intracellular space
inside the cell
Extracellular space
outside the cell
Intracellular fluid % body weight adult
40%
Extracellular fluid consists of
Interstitial fluid, plasma, transcellular fluid
HCO3 (Bicarbonate)
22-26 mEq/L
Cl- (Chloride)
96-106 mEq/L
PO4 3- (Phosphate)
2.4-4.4 mEq/L
K+ (Potassium)
3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Mg2+ (Magnesium)
1.5-2.5 mEq/L
Na+ (Sodium)
135-145 mEq/L
Ca 2+ (Calcium-total)
8.6-10.2 mg/dL
Ca (Calcium-ionized)
4.6-5.3 mg/dL
Normal adult daily fluid loss
600-900 mL
Intracellular fluid electrolytes
PO4 3- and K+
Extracellular fluid electrolytes
Na+ and Cl-
Hydrostatic pressure
Blood pressure generated by heart contraction
Osmotic pressure
Osmotic pressure caused by plasma proteins
hypovolemia
Abnormal loss of normal body fluids, inadequate intake, or plasma-to-interstitial fluid shift
Clinical manifestations related to loss of vascular volume as well as CNS effects
Treatment: Replace water and electrolytes with balanced IV solutions
hypervolemia
Excessive intake of fluids, abnormal retention of fluids, or interstitial-to-plasma fluid shift
Clinical manifestations related to excess volume
Treatment: Remove fluid without changing electrolyte composition or osmolality of ECF
Isotonic solution
equal
Hypertonic
has higher electrolyte concentration
Hypotonic
Has lower electrolyte concentration
D10W
Hypertonic
