Ch. 17 Cardiovascular Emergencies

Question 1

Acute Myocardial Infarction

Answer 1

A heart attack

Sudden narrowing or complete occlusion of a coronary artery causing myocardial tissue necrosis

Question 2

Cardiovascular System Function:

Answer 2

Deliver oxygenated blood and nutrients to every cell in the body and metobilic waste products out

Deliver chemical messengers (hormones) within the body

Question 3

Four Chambers of the Heart

Answer 3

Right Atrium, Left Atrium, Right Ventricle, Left Ventricle

Question 4

RIght Atrium

Answer 4

Recieves blood low in oxygen from the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and the coronary sinus

Question 5

Coronary Sinus

Answer 5

Large vein in the posterior side of the heart that collects blood from the great cardiac vein and several smaller coronary veins and then drains the blood into the right atrium

Question 6

Left Atrium

Answer 6

Receives freshly oxygenated blood from the lungs by the way of the left and right pulmonary veins

Question 7

Atrioventricular (AV) Valve

Answer 7

The atria contracts, pumpling blood through the AV valve into the ventricles

Question 8

RIght Ventricle

Answer 8

Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Question 9

Left Ventricle

Answer 9

Pumps oxygenated blood throughout the body

Question 10

Apical Impulse or Point of Maximal Impulse

Answer 10

When the left ventricle contracts, it produces an impulse palpable at the apex of the heart

The rotation forward causes the apex of the left ventricle to strike the chest wall

Fifth intercostal space along the midclavicular line

Question 11

Septum

Answer 11

Separates left and right side of the heart

Question 12

Coronary Arteries

Answer 12

Supplies blood to the tissues of the heart

Question 13

Left Anterior Descending (LAD) Artery

Answer 13

Supplies blood to the anterior surface of the left ventricle, part of the lateral surface of the left ventricle, and portion of the interventricular septum

Question 14

Circumflex (Cx) Artery

Answer 14

Supplies blood to the left atrium, part of the lateral surface of the left ventricle, inferior surface of the left ventricle (15% of people), the posterior surface of the left ventricle (15% of people), SA node (40% of people), AV Bundle (85% of people)

Question 15

Cardiac Cell Properties

Answer 15

Automaticity: generates own electrical impulse

Excitability: response to electrical impulse

Conductivity: pass electrical impulse

Contractility: able to contract

Question 16

Cardiac Conduction System

Answer 16

SA Node, AV Node, the Bundle of His, the right and left bundle branches, the Purkinje Fibers

Question 17

Sinoatrial (SA) Node

Answer 17

Primary pacemaker

60-100 bpm

Right Atrium

Fueled by right coronary artery

Question 18

Atrioventricular (AV) Node

Answer 18

40-60 bpm

Floor of the right atrium and behind the tricuspid valve

Impulse is delayed 0.12 deconds from SA Node to AV node to allow the atria to empty blood into ventricles.

Question 19

Purkinje Fibers

Answer 19

20-40 bpm

cardiac muscle fibers distributed throughout the inner surfaces of the ventricular walls

Question 20

Left Ventricular Failure (LVF)

Answer 20

Fluid build up in the lungs

Dyspnea often develops slowly over weeks or months

Question 21

Orthopnea

Answer 21

Dyspnea relieved by changing position to either sitting or standing

Question 22

Paroxymal Nocturnal Dyspnea (PND)

Answer 22

Sudden onset of dyspnea where the person suddenly wakes up

Wheezing, coughing, swelling and feeling of suffocation

Associated with LVF

Question 23

Right Ventricular Failure (RVF)

Answer 23

A sign of RVF is bilateral pedal edema

Question 24

Depolarization

Answer 24

Process of discharging resting cardiac muscle fibers by means of electrical impulse that simpulates contraction

Question 25

Sodium-Potassium Pump

Answer 25

3 Na+ out of the cell, 2 K+ into the cell