Ch. 17 Cardiovascular Emergencies Flashcards
Acute Myocardial Infarction
A heart attack
Sudden narrowing or complete occlusion of a coronary artery causing myocardial tissue necrosis
Cardiovascular System Function:
Deliver oxygenated blood and nutrients to every cell in the body and metobilic waste products out
Deliver chemical messengers (hormones) within the body
Four Chambers of the Heart
Right Atrium, Left Atrium, Right Ventricle, Left Ventricle
RIght Atrium
Recieves blood low in oxygen from the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and the coronary sinus
Coronary Sinus
Large vein in the posterior side of the heart that collects blood from the great cardiac vein and several smaller coronary veins and then drains the blood into the right atrium
Left Atrium
Receives freshly oxygenated blood from the lungs by the way of the left and right pulmonary veins
Atrioventricular (AV) Valve
The atria contracts, pumpling blood through the AV valve into the ventricles
RIght Ventricle
Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs
Left Ventricle
Pumps oxygenated blood throughout the body
Apical Impulse or Point of Maximal Impulse
When the left ventricle contracts, it produces an impulse palpable at the apex of the heart
The rotation forward causes the apex of the left ventricle to strike the chest wall
Fifth intercostal space along the midclavicular line
Septum
Separates left and right side of the heart
Coronary Arteries
Supplies blood to the tissues of the heart
Left Anterior Descending (LAD) Artery
Supplies blood to the anterior surface of the left ventricle, part of the lateral surface of the left ventricle, and portion of the interventricular septum
Circumflex (Cx) Artery
Supplies blood to the left atrium, part of the lateral surface of the left ventricle, inferior surface of the left ventricle (15% of people), the posterior surface of the left ventricle (15% of people), SA node (40% of people), AV Bundle (85% of people)
Cardiac Cell Properties
Automaticity: generates own electrical impulse
Excitability: response to electrical impulse
Conductivity: pass electrical impulse
Contractility: able to contract
Cardiac Conduction System
SA Node, AV Node, the Bundle of His, the right and left bundle branches, the Purkinje Fibers
Sinoatrial (SA) Node
Primary pacemaker
60-100 bpm
Right Atrium
Fueled by right coronary artery
Atrioventricular (AV) Node
40-60 bpm
Floor of the right atrium and behind the tricuspid valve
Impulse is delayed 0.12 deconds from SA Node to AV node to allow the atria to empty blood into ventricles.
Purkinje Fibers
20-40 bpm
cardiac muscle fibers distributed throughout the inner surfaces of the ventricular walls
Left Ventricular Failure (LVF)
Fluid build up in the lungs
Dyspnea often develops slowly over weeks or months
Orthopnea
Dyspnea relieved by changing position to either sitting or standing
Paroxymal Nocturnal Dyspnea (PND)
Sudden onset of dyspnea where the person suddenly wakes up
Wheezing, coughing, swelling and feeling of suffocation
Associated with LVF
Right Ventricular Failure (RVF)
A sign of RVF is bilateral pedal edema
Depolarization
Process of discharging resting cardiac muscle fibers by means of electrical impulse that simpulates contraction
