Ch. 17 Book Questions

Question 1

Nucleated erythrocytes found circulating in the embryo are produced in the:

a. Yolk sac
b. Para-aortic clusters
c. Liver
d. Bone marrow
e. None of the above

Answer 1

a. Yolk sac

Question 2

In a 7-month fetus, blood draining the left temporalis muscle enters the heart via the:

a. Left anterior cardinal vein
b. Coronary sinus
c. Left common cardinal vein
d. Superior vena cava
e. None of the above

Answer 2

d. Superior vena cava

Question 3

Adherons are inductive particles released by what structure in the endocardial cushion area?

a. Endocardium
b. Cardiac jelly
c. Myocardium
d. Epicardium
e. None of the above

Answer 3

c. Myocardium

Question 4

Neural crest contributes to the structure of which of the following?

a. Truncus arteriosus
b. Ascending aorta
c. Pulmonary trunk
d. All of the above
e. None of the above

Answer 4

d. All of the above

Question 5

For which of these cardiovascular malformations is a patent ductus arteriosus necessary for survival of the individual?

a. Atrial septal defect
b. Ventricular septal defect
c. Double aortic arch
d. Right subclavian artery from arch of aorta
e. None of the above

Answer 5

e. None of the above

Question 6

Five days after birth, an infant becomes cyanotic during a prolonged crying spell. The cyanosis is most likely caused by venous blood entering the systemic circulation through the:

a. Interatrial septum
b. Ductus arteriosus
c. Ductus venous
d. Umbilical vein
e. Interventricular septum

Answer 6

a. Interatrial septum

Question 7

The internal carotid artery arises from aortic arch number:

a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 5

Answer 7

c. 3

Question 8

An 8-year-old boy is brought to the physician with a complaint of excessive fatigue and uncomfortable legs when walking or running. On physical examination, the physician notes a reduced dorsalis pedis pulse and some signs of cyanosis of the toes. The boy’s hands show no signs of cyanosis.
On the basis of the physical examination, the physician suspects the presence of what malformation? Why?

Answer 8

The physician suspected high coarctation of the aorta with accompanying patent ductus arteriosus. In high and low coarctation of the aorta, the pulse in the lower part of the body is commonly reduced. The cyanosis of the feet resulted from the spillage of venous blood into the systemic circulation through the patent ductus arteriosus.