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A&P II EXAM 2 > CH 17 BLOOD > Flashcards

CH 17 BLOOD Flashcards

1
Q

BLOOD IS

A

Specialized connective tissue consisting of living cells, called formed elements, suspended in nonliving fluid matrix called Blood Plasma.

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2
Q

BLOOD HEMATOCRIT

A

Percentage of erythrocytes in whole blood

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3
Q

Normal blood volume for males/ females?

A

5-6 Liters men/ 4-5 Liters women

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4
Q

Blood that has been centrifuged separates into 3 layers:

A

plasma, erythrocytes, and the buffy coat.

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5
Q

Functions of Blood: (3)

A

For delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the body’s tissue cells, removal of metabolic wastes to elimination sites, and distribution of hormones.

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6
Q

Functions of blood: regulates ________, ___, ____

A

Body temperature, body fluid pH, and fluid volume within fluid compartments

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7
Q

Blood protects against excessive blood loss by:

A

CLOTTING MECHANISM

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8
Q

Normal hematocrit:

A

APPX. 45%

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9
Q

ERYTHROCYTES

A

Red Blood Cells

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10
Q

Leukocytes:

A

white blood cells

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11
Q

Thrombocytes

A

Platelets

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12
Q

Blood plasma consists of:

A 
mostly water (90%)
and solutes including nutrients, gases, hormones, wastes, products of cell activity, ions, and proteins.
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13
Q

What protein is found in plasma?

A

Albumin

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14
Q

Pigment in RBC’s is called:

A

Hemoglobin

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15
Q

Red Blood Cells lack :

A

Nuclei and most organelles

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16
Q

Hemoglobin:

A

Oxygen-binding pigment that is responsible for the transport of most of the oxygen in blood

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17
Q

oxyhemoglobin:

A

carries oxygen in blood, bright red

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18
Q

Deoxyhemoglobin:

A

does not carry oxygen, darker shade of red

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19
Q

Carboxyhemoglobin:

A

carries carbon diioxide

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20
Q

The formation of erythrocytes is known as;

A

ERYTHROPOESIS

21
Q

Erythropoiesis occurs where:

A

red bone marrow

22
Q

Erythropoiesis starts when ____ is transformed into ____

A

Myeloid stem, transforms into pro erythroblast.

23
Q

Phases of Erythropoiesis: Phase 1

A

Phase 1: Ribosome synthesis

24
Q

Phase 2 of Erythropoiesis:

A

Phase 2: Hemoglobin accumulation

25
Q

Phase 3 of erythropoeiss:

A

Ejection of nucleus from reticulocyte to Erythrocyte

26
Q

Life span of an RBC?

A

100-120 days

27
Q

RBC are engulfed by:

A

Macrophages

28
Q

During destruction of Erythrocytes, __ and __ are separated.

A

Heme and globin are separated.

29
Q

In destruction of erythrocytes, ___ is degraded to a yellow pigment called ___

A

Heme is degraded to a yellow pigment called Bilirubin, bilirubin gets out by fecal matter

30
Q

DISEASE: When blood has low O2 levels, insufficient RBC count or iron deficiency. Weakness, fatigue, rapid heart rate, pale. B12 deficiency.

A

ANEMIA

31
Q

Hemolytic anemia:

A

RBC’s rupture prematurely

32
Q

Aplastic anemia

A

Destruction or inhibition of red bone marrow

33
Q

Hemorrhagic anemia

A

acute or chronic loss of blood

34
Q

Sickle cell anemia: results from a change in one of the 287 amino acids in the _____

A

Beta chain of the globin molecule.

35
Q

Condition when sickled blood cells get stuck in blood vessels and block blood flow, tissues start to die.

A

Sickle cell crisis

36
Q

Polycythemia

A

excess of erythrocytes. May result from bone marrow cancer or living at high altitudes.

37
Q

Thrombus

A

clot that develops and persists in an UNBROKEN blood vessel. can block circulation leading to tissue death

38
Q

Embolus

A

a thrombus freely floating in the blood stream.

39
Q

pulmonary embolus

A

a free floating thrombus that can impair the ability for the body to obtain oxygen

40
Q

cerebral emboli

A

causes stroke

41
Q

thrombocytosis

A

too many platelets due to inflammation, infection or cancer

42
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

too few platelets. causes spontaneous bleeding due to suppression or destruction of bone marrow.

43
Q

whole blood transfusion

A

when blood loss is substantial

44
Q

Type of transfusion used when restoration of oxygen carrying capacity is needed:

A

Packed red cells

45
Q

AGGLUTINATION

A

clumping of red blood cells. Antigens on surface of RBC bind to antibodies in plasma

46
Q

T or F: Anti-RH antibodies only form if an Rh- individual receives Rh+ blood?

A

TRUE

47
Q

HEMOSTASIS:

A

control of bleeding

48
Q

3 processes of hemostasis

A
  1. blood vessel spasm
  2. platelet plug formation
  3. blood coagulation
49
Q

Proteins found in blood plasma:

A

ALBUMINS, GLOBULINS, FIBINOGENS

A&P II EXAM 2 (4 decks)

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