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APES per 1 health hazards > Ch 17 > Flashcards

Ch 17 Flashcards

1
Q

Where did MERS originate?

A

MERS originated in Saudi Arabia. It was transmitted from camels.

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2
Q

What was Asbestos normally used for in homes built before the 1970s?

A

Asbestos was mainly used in insulation and cement for buildings

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3
Q

Phthalates - Routes of Exposure

A
  • Ingestion: eat foods and drink beverages from plastic containers that have phthalates in them
  • Rare: inhalation from contaminated vapors or dust
  • Dermal: building materials, household furnishing, soil, and dust
  • Once inside person’s body, breaks down into metabolites (break down products) that pass quickly through person’s urine –> NO bioaccumulation
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4
Q

Define some common symptoms of a SARS type virus

A

Because SARS stands for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome most of the symptoms come threw in the form of pain in lungs, trouble breathing, decreased immune function. Another Special thing is that this type of virus also as symptoms similar to the common cold and flu. This makes it harder to catch as some people might misdiagnose the disease.

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5
Q

What is TB or Tuberculosis?

A

Tuberculosis is a special infectious bacterial disease that mainly affects the lungs. It does this by allowing the bacteria to stick to your lungs and grow there. Once there a lot of bacteria it not only destroys lung tissue but is able to spread through the infected persons cough. Thus making this disease air borne

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6
Q

What are some common symptoms of Tuberculosis

A

Some common symptoms are coughing up blood, fatigue, pale skin.

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7
Q

Is transmitted through food, water, and feces. It causes extreme diarrhea.

A

Cholera

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8
Q

From both industrial processes smelting, bleaching, and manufacturing herbicides and pesticides.

A

Dioxins

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9
Q

respiratory disease with flu-like symptoms that can turn into pneumonia–muscle pain and difficulty breathing

A

SARS

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10
Q

How does the Zika virus effect humans

A

The Zika virus has most of its effect on pregnant women as the virus can spread through the placental lining.

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11
Q

What makes POPs (Persistent organic pollutants) so dangerous to the environment?

A

POPs are a list of chemicals that does not break down through environmental degradation, chemical, biological, and photolytic processes. Many POPs have been used in industrial processes, although some have been banned from using them.

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12
Q

Name 3 of the 12 initial POPs (Persistent organic pollutants) (Answers Vary)

A
  • aldrin
  • chlordane
  • dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)
  • dieldrin
  • endrin
  • heptachlor
  • hexachlorobenzene
  • mirex
  • toxaphene
  • polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
  • dibenzo-p-dioxins (dioxins)
  • polychlorinated dibenzofurans (furans)
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13
Q

This water borne disease caused massive outbreaks in Europe due to poor sanitation.

A

Cholera

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14
Q

This illness is transmitted through transportation systems, when an infected organism bites a human, or when someone comes in contact with contaminated fluids (saliva) or tissues:

A

SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)

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15
Q

Comes from chlorohydrates mixed with chlorobenzenes soaked in sulfuric acid. What am I?

A

DDT

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16
Q

They can form naturally in the environment at high temperatures, such as in forest fires and volcanoes. They can be emitted into the air, water, and subsequently into sediments, land, waste, and other products.

A

Dioxins

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17
Q

Colorless, strong-smelling gas found in exhaust from car, cigarette smoke, building materials & insulation, and glues, paints, and coatings.

A

Formaldehyde

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18
Q

causes fever, inflamed eyes, skin rash, headaches and sneezing

A

measles

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19
Q

another name for this illness is rubella

A

measles

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20
Q

Some symptoms include of this exposure to this chemical include vomiting, abdominal pain, vertigo, shock. Consuming large amounts can lead to death.

A

Arsenic

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21
Q

This herbicide can cause birth defects, hormone imbalances, shorter pregnancies, and altered menstrual cycles.

A

Atrazine

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22
Q

Given off by pressed wood and adhesives

A

formaldehyde

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23
Q

this disease is caused by the plasmodium parasite, a protist

A

malaria

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24
Q

This bacteria stops the intestines from absorbing water.

A

Cholera

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25
Q

What chemical primarily gets into peoples bodies from their diet, from food in plastic bottles or tin cans?

A

BPA(Bisphenol A)

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26
Q

I was a commonly used pesticide, which then bioaccumulated and biomagnified

A

DDT

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27
Q

This chemical is known to be found in seafood, like fish, shrimp, and shellfish (in its organic form), as well as in rice crops (in its inorganic form).

A

Arsenic

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28
Q

Transmitted through fleas and mice

A

Plague

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29
Q

Causes swollen lymph nodes all around body

A

Plague

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30
Q

Inflames air sacs in the lungs and fills with fluid/pus

A

Pneumonia

31
Q

Transmitted bacterially, virally or parasitically

A

Pneumonia

32
Q

Comes from the breakdown of naturally occurring radioactive elements (primarily uranium)

A

Radon

33
Q

Swept Europe in the 1300s and can be treated with modern day antibiotics

A

Plague

34
Q

Symptoms include coughing that may produce phlegm, shortness of breath and fevers

A

Pneumonia

35
Q

Can cause ADHD, child obesity, and increased blood pressure. Animals that consume plastic are also consuming the chemical.

A

BPA(Bisphenol A)

36
Q

can catch this bacterial infection by breathing in air droplets from the cough or sneeze of an infected person

A

Tb (Tuberculosis)

37
Q

What type of virus structure has spiked glycoproteins?

A

SARS and MERS.

38
Q

Define some common symptoms of a SARS type virus

A

Because SARS stands for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome most of the symptoms come threw in the form of pain in lungs, trouble breathing, decreased immune function. Another Special thing is that this type of virus also as symptoms similar to the common cold and flu. This makes it harder to catch as

39
Q

What illness has symptoms that include attacking the lungs, causing chest pain while breathing, blood coughs, and discomfort?

A

Tuberculosis

40
Q

Phthalates - Effects

A
  • Changes in sex hormone levels
  • Altered development of genitals
  • Low sperm count/quality
  • Obesity
  • Reduced female fertility
  • Pre-term birth/low birth weight
  • Worsening of allergy/asthma symptoms
  • Altered toddler behavior

Prenatal Exposure:

  • Negative impacts on neurodevelopment –> lower IQ, problems with attention/hyperactivity
  • Poorer social communication

Medical:

  • Found in IV bags and tubing
  • Can be leached into patients while receiving medical care
41
Q

can catch this bacterial infection by breathing in air droplets from the cough or sneeze of an infected person

A

Tb (Tuberculosis)

42
Q

What hazard (particulate) causes mesothelioma ( lung cancer)?

A

Asbestos

43
Q

How is asbestos created?

A

Asbestos is a naturally occurring fibrous material that is composed of long and thin crystals which can be released into the atmosphere by abrasion and other processes.

44
Q

Symptoms include a cough that lasts more than three weeks, loss of appetite and unintentional weight loss, fever, chills, and night sweats.

A

Tb (Tuberculosis)

45
Q

Long-term effects of breathing this small organic compound may include: increased risk of cancer of the nose & accessory sinuses, as well as lung cancer.

A

Formaldehyde

46
Q

What are some damages POPs (Persistent organic pollutants) does to human health?

A
  • Birth defects
  • reproductive issues (decreased rate)
  • neurologic, endocrine, immunologic adverse health effects
  • headaches, dizziness, irritability, vomiting, or uncontrollable muscle movements.
  • chloracne and rashes
  • liver damage
  • poisoning
47
Q

What are the two main ways the Zika Virus is transmitted?

A
  • From infected Aedes species of mosquitos (usually in damp and polluted areas) that stick to humans and bite them
  • Sexual contact
48
Q

Also known as Polychlorinated Biphenyls, this chemical is industrialized that can enter the air, water, and soil during manufacture use.

A

PCBs

49
Q

This chemical was banned in the U.S. in 1979 for the unintended impacts on the environment and human health which include a higher risk of cancer and effects on the immune, reproductive, and nervous system.

A

PCBs

50
Q

Most people are exposed to this chemical through ingesting contaminated food and drinks, inhalation, or skin contact. It can also bioaccumulate in the fatty tissue of organisms, mostly in fish as well as degrade when exposed to sunlight or microorganisms such as bacteria and algae.

A

PCBs

51
Q

Very common in households in certain geographic areas and causes lung cancer

A

Radon

52
Q

A type of plastic and a known carcinogen

A

PVC

53
Q

Colorless, odorless and builds up inside buildings. Enters through cracks in the slab or basement.

A

Radon

54
Q

Infection present in the lungs and usually goes away in two weeks, although it is still a leading cause of mortality.

A

Pneumonia

55
Q

This virus causes headaches, joint pain, birth defects in children, and conjunctivitis

A

Zika Virus

56
Q

Symptoms of toxic exposure to this plastic include dizziness, fatigue, coma and death

A

PVC

57
Q

This virus is transmitted through infected mosquitos that are usually found in residential areas. It can also come from contact with contaminated fluids or tissues. Birds are an intermediate host.

A

West Nile Virus

58
Q

Despite being a water pollutant, being banned in many European countries, and its many harmful effects on humans and wildlife, this substance is still heavily used in agriculture in the US and Australia

A

Atrazine

59
Q

Benzene alters the amount of ______ your body produces which affects your immune and blood system.

A

red and white blood cells

60
Q

This is an organic compound that can be released in forest fires or from volcanic eruptions and enters the body through inhalation which is also found in gasoline

A

Benzene

61
Q

How does the Zika virus effect humans

A

The Zika virus has most of its effect on pregnant women

62
Q

What family is MERS in?

A

This virus is in the corona virus family.

63
Q

Shaking, trembling, and seizures in humans are common symptoms of extreme exposure to :

A

DDT

64
Q

What are the consequences of the West Nile Virus?

A

Consequences can include: High fevers, stiff necks, dizziness, convulsions, numbness/paralysis, neurological permanent effects and can kill people who are older.

65
Q

Which virus is known to kill birds?

A

West Nile Virus

66
Q

Phthalates - Sources and Locations

A
  • man-made chemical esters - phthalic acid
  • widely used in a variety of consumer products to impart flexibility, pliability, and elasticity to plastics
  • “plasticizers”
  • Found in vinyl flooring, adhesives, detergents, lubricating oils, automotive plastics, plastic clothes (raincoats), and personal-care products (soaps, shampoos, hair sprays, and nail polishes)
67
Q

This illness not only attacks the lungs but attacks kidneys, spine, or the brain and has similar effects on animals

A

Tuberculosis

68
Q

found in paint of older houses

A

lead

69
Q

exposure to this chemical causes anemia, weakness, kidney damage, and brain damage

A

lead

70
Q

chemical element Pb and cannot be broken down further

A

lead

71
Q

pathogen easily spread in warm, swampy areas

A

malaria

72
Q

Spread by female Anopheles mosquitoes found in warm climates

A

malaria

73
Q

Commonly used in thermometers due to its sensitivity to changes in temperature

A

mercury

74
Q

the only metal to exist in a liquid state at standard room temperature

A

mercury

APES per 1 health hazards (1 decks)

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