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Bio-Medical > CH 17 > Flashcards

CH 17 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Another name for the lateral position is what?

A

Side-lying position

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2
Q

They way in which the head, trunk, arms, and legs are aligned with one another is ____ or posture.

A

Body alignment

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3
Q

The ____ is also called the side-lying position.

A

Posture

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4
Q

The ______ is the same as the back-lying or supine position.

A

Dorsal Recumbent Position

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5
Q

The area on which an object rests is the what?

A

Base of support

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6
Q

What are injuries and disorders of the muscles, tendons, ligaments, joints, and cartilage, they are caused or made worse by the work setting

A

Work-related musculo-skeletal disorders

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7
Q

What is the left side-lying position in which the upper left is sharply flexed so that it is not on the lower left and the lower arm is behind the person

A

Sim’s position

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8
Q

A semi-setting position with the head of the bed elevated 45 to 60 degrees is what?

A

Fowler’s position

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9
Q

Lying on the abdomen with the head turned to one side is what?

A

Prone position

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10
Q

What is using the body in n efficient and careful way?

A

Body mechanics

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11
Q

The back-laying or dorsal recumbent position is also called the what?

A

Supine position

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12
Q

_____ or body alignment is the way in which body parts are aligned with one another.

A

Base of support

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13
Q

What is the science of designing the job to fit the worker?

A

Ergonomics

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14
Q

Another name for the Sims’ position is what?

A

Semi-prone side position

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15
Q

For a wider base of support and balance, what should you do?

A

The head, trunk, arms, and legs are aligned with one another

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16
Q

When you end your knees and squat t lift a heavy object, you are what?

A

Using good body mechanics

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17
Q

If you need to move a heavy object, you should NOT what?

A

Work alone so you can control how to move the object

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18
Q

Work-related musculo-skeletal disorders (MSDs) are a risk when what?

A

When force or repeating action is used when moving persons

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19
Q

If you have pain when standing or rising from a seated position, you what?

A

Are using poor body mechanics

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20
Q

Using good body mechanics will what?

A

Reduce the risk of injury

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21
Q

According to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), which of these is NOT a factor that can lead to back disorders?

A

Bending while lifting

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22
Q

Which of these activities will help to prevent back injury?

A

Keep objects close to your body when you lift, move, or carry

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23
Q

Regular position changes and good alignment will what?

A

Promote comfort and well-being

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24
Q

A resident who depends on the nursing team for position changes needs to be positioned when?

A

At least every 2 hours

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25
Q

Linens need to be clean, dry, and wrinkle-free to help prevent what?

A

Pressure ulcers

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26
Q

Persons with heart and respiratory disorders usually can breathe more easily in what position?

A

Semi-Fowler’s position

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27
Q

Most older persons have limited range of motion in their necks and so do not tolerate what position?

A

Prone position

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28
Q

When positioning a person in the supine position, the nurse may ask you to place a pillow under the person’s lower legs to what?

A

Prevent the heels from rubbing on the sheets

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29
Q

A small pillow is positioned against the person’s back in the what position?

A

Lateral position

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30
Q

What should you do when a person cannot keep his or her upper body erect in a chair?

A

Postural supports keep him or her in a good alignment

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31
Q

In the chair position, a pillow is not used where?

A

To support the feet

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32
Q

Fatigue, muscle strain, and injury can result from what during activity or rest?

A

Improper use and positioning the body

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33
Q

What reduces the risk of injury?

A

Good body mechanics

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34
Q

What lets the body move and function with strength and efficiency?

A

Good alignment

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35
Q

Standing, sitting, and lying down requires what?

A

Good alignment

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36
Q

What is need for balance?

A

A good base of support

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37
Q

When standing, what is your base of support?

A

Feet

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38
Q

For a wider base of support and more balance, how should you stand?

A

With your feet apart

39
Q

Your strongest and largest muscles are where?

A

Shoulders, upper arms, hips, and thighs

40
Q

Use which muscles to handle and move persons and heavy objects?

A

Shoulders, upper arms, hips, and thighs

41
Q

What should you do for good body mechanics?

A
  • Bend your knees and squat to lift a heavy object. Do not bend from your waist. Bending from your waist places strain on small back muscles
  • Hold items close to your body and base of support. This involves upper arm and shoulder muscles. Holding objects away from your body places strain on small muscles in your lower arms
42
Q

Early signs and symptoms of work related injuries are?

A

Pain, limited joint movement, or soft tissue swelling

43
Q

Work related Musculoskeletal disorders can involve what system?

A

Nervous system

44
Q

What is often affected by work related musculoseletal disorder?

A

Arms, wrists, legs, and shoulders

45
Q

What injuries are painful and disabling?

A

Musculoskeletal disorders

46
Q

MSD’s can develop slowly over what period of time?

A

Weeks, moths, and years

47
Q

Pain, numbness, tingling, stiff joints, difficulty moving, and muscle loss can occur from what?

A

MSDs

48
Q

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has identified MSD risk factors for who?

A

The nursing team

49
Q

What is more likly if risk factors are combined?

A

MSD

50
Q

What is MSD?

A

Musculo-skeletal disorder

51
Q

What is OSHA?

A

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

52
Q

According o the U.S Department of Labor, who is at greater risk?

A

Nursing assisants

53
Q

What is the amount of physical effort needed to perform a task. Lifting or transferring heavy persons, preventing falls, and unexpected or sudden motions?

A

Force

54
Q

What is doing the same motion or series of motions continually or frequently. Repositioning persons and transfers to and from beds, chairs, and commodes without adequate rest breaks are examples. So is frequently cranking manual manual beds?

A

Repeating action

55
Q

What is assuming positions that place stress on the body. Examples are reaching above shoulder height, kneeling squatting, leaning over a bed, bending, or twisting the torso while lifting?

A

Awkward posture

56
Q

What is manually lifting people who cannon move themselves?

A

Heavy lifting

57
Q

The following tasks are known to be high risk for MSDs affecting the muscles, tendons, ligaments, joints, and cartilage:

A
  • Transfers- to and from beds, chairs, wheelchairs, geri-chair, toilets, stretchers, and bathtubs
  • Trying to stop a person from falling
  • Picking up a person from the floor to the bed
  • Lifting alone
  • Lifting persons who are confused or uncooperative
  • Lifting persons who cannot support their own weight
  • Lifting heavy persons
  • Weighing a person
  • Moving a person in a bed or in a chair
  • Repositioning a persons in a bed or in a chair
  • Changing an incontinence product
  • Making beds
  • Dressing and undressing a person’s
  • Feeding a person in bed
  • Giving a bed bath
  • Applying anti embolism stockings
  • Prolonged holding of a body part for care measures arm, leg, abdomen, skinfold
58
Q

What can occur from repeated activities from 1 event?

A

Back injuries

59
Q

Signs and symptoms of back injures include what?

A
  • Pain when trying to assume a normal posture
  • Decreased mobility
  • Pain when standing or rising from a seated position. These and other factors can lead to back disorders
  • Reaching while lifting
  • Poor posture when sitting or standing
  • Staying in 1 position to long
  • Poor body mechanics when lifting, pushing , pulling, or carrying objects
  • Poor physical condition- not having the strength or endurance to perform tasks without strain
  • Repeated lifting of awkward items, equipment, or persons
  • Shifting weight when a person loses balance or strength while moving
  • Twisting or bending while lifting
  • Maintaining a bent posture such as leaning over a bed
  • Reaching over raised bed rails
  • Working in a confined, crowded, or cluttered area (rooms, bathrooms, halways)
  • Fatigue
  • Poor footing, such as on slipping floors
  • Lifting with forceful movement
60
Q

What does OSHA require?

A

Safe work setting

61
Q

The work setting must be free of what?

A

Hazards that cause or are likely to cause death or serious harm to staff

62
Q

Who must make reasonable attempts to prevent or reduce the hazard?

A

The emplyer

63
Q

What should you do to work related injury as soon as possible?

A

Report it

64
Q

Early attention can help prevent the problem from what?

A

Becoming worse

65
Q

Injuries are often less serious and less constantly to treat with what?

A

Early attention

66
Q

In later stages the problem becomes what?

A

More serious and harder nd more costly to treat

67
Q

The goal of ergonomics s to what?

A

Eliminate a serious work relatd MSD

68
Q

MSDs are caused or made worse by the?

A

Work setting

69
Q

Regular position changes and good alignment promote?

A

comfort and well being, breathing is easier, circulation is promoted, and pressure ulcers and contractures are prevented

70
Q

A contracture is a?

A

lack of joint mobility caused by the abnormal shortening of a muscle

71
Q

Whether in bed or chair, the person is re-positioned at least every?

A

2 hours

72
Q

Follow the nurse’s ____ and ____?

A

Instructions, the care plan

73
Q

To safely position a person:

A
  • Use good body mechanics
  • Ask a coworker to help you if needed
  • Explain the procedure to the person
  • Be gentle when moving the person
  • Provide for privacy
  • Use pillows as directed by the nurse for support and alignment
  • Provide for comfort after positioning
  • Place the call light and other needed items within reach after positioning
  • Complete a safety check before leaving the room
74
Q

The _____ position makes the knees be slightly elevated

A

fowler’s

75
Q

Semi-Fowler’s position

A

the head of the bed is raised 30 degrees. Some agencies define semi-fowler’s position as when the head of the bed is raised 30 degrees and the knee portion is raised 15 degrees

76
Q

High Fowler’s position?

A

the head of the bed is raised 60 to 90 degrees

77
Q

For good alignment in fowler’s position:

A
  • The spine is straight
  • The head is supported with a small pillow
  • The arms are supported with pillows
78
Q

Persons with heart and respiratory disorders usually breathe easier in ____

A

Fowler’s position

79
Q

In ____ the nurse may have you place pillows under the lower back, thighs, and ankles

A

Fowler’s position

80
Q

For good alignment in supine position (dorsal recumbent position):

A
  • The bed is flat
  • The head and shoulders are supported on a pillow
  • Arms and hands are at the sides. You can support the hands with regular pillows. Or you can support the hands on small pillows with the palms down
81
Q

In ____ the nurse may have you place a folded or rolled towel under the lower back and a small pillow under the thighs.

A

Supine position (dorsal recumbent position)

82
Q

In Supine position (dorsal recumbent position) placing a pillow under the lower legs lifts the heels off of the bed, this will prevent?

A

them from rubbing the sheets

83
Q

For good alignment in prone position:

A
  • The bed is flat
  • Small pillows are placed under the head, abdomen, and lower legs
  • Arms are flexed at the elbows with the hands near the head
84
Q

In ____ position you can also position the person with the feet hanging over the end of the mattress, a pillow is not needed under the feet

A

Prone

85
Q

For good alignment in lateral position (side-laying position):

A
  • The bed is flat
  • A pillow is under the head and neck
  • The upper leg is in front of the lower leg. (the nurse may ask you to position the upper leg behind the lower leg behind the lower leg, not on top of it)
  • The ankle, upper leg, and thigh are supported with pillows
  • A small pillow is positioned against the persons back. The person rolls back against the pillow so that his or her back is at a 45 degree angle with the mattress
  • A small pillow is under the upper hand and arm
86
Q

For good alignment in sims’ position (semi-prone side position):

A
  • The bed is flat
  • A pillow is under the person’s head and shoulder
  • The upper leg (right leg) is supported with a pillow.
  • A pillow is under the upper arm (right arm) and hand (right hand)
87
Q

Persons who sit in chairs must hold their ____ and ____, if not poor alignment results.

A

upper bodies and head erect

88
Q

For good alignment in chair position:

A
  • The persons back and buttocks are against the back of the chair
  • Feet are flat on the floor or wheelchair footplates. Never leave feet unsupported
  • Back of the knees and calves are slightly away from the edge of the seat
89
Q

In chair position the nurse may have you put _________, this supports you lower back

A

a small pillow between the persons lower back and the chair

90
Q

A pillow is not used behind the back if?

A

Restraints are used

91
Q

In chair position, paralyzed arms are supported on ?

A

Pillows

92
Q

In chair position some people require _____ if they cannot keep their upper bodies erect?

A

Postural Supports

93
Q

____ help keep people with good alignment during chair position

A

Postural supports

94
Q

The health team selects the best product for the person’s ?

A

needs, safety, dignity, and function

Bio-Medical (4 decks)

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