Ch. 17 Flashcards
Describe the primary goal of mechanical ventilation & skills required to reverse respiratory failure?
To reduce WOB by providing adequate d gas exchange with minimal damage to lung tissue (barotrauma) and/or interference with the circulatory system.
What is PIP?
A limit variable that will not allow the delivered breath to result in a pressure greater than the set pip? Determine by the delivered Vt and is changed as needed to alter ventilation. Vent parameters that affect PIP are Vt, Ve, and Ti.
What is PEEP?
Positive pressure maintained in the patients airway and throughout the vent circuit during the expiratory phase of ventilation. Determined by end exhalation. Vent parameters that determine PEEP are Vt,Ve, RR, and PIP.
What is frequency (rate)?
What is I- Time?
What is MAP?
What is tidal volume?
What is minute ventilation?
What is dead space?
What is alveolar ventilation?
What is opening pressure?
What is driving pressure?
What is FRC?
What is diffusion time?
What is flow rate?
Discuss the relationships between vent parameters using figure 17-12 as a guide?
Changes in vent parameters will change other parameters. The only exception is FiO2
What is static compliance?
What is dynamic compliance?
What is the normal range for compliance in a neonate?
What are the determinants of pulmonary compliance?
Discuss compliance of the thorax and how it is developed?
Describe the relationship between the lungs and the thorax that determines the overall compliance?
Compare and contrast the 3 positions on the lung compliance curve? Describe the conditions that each creates?
Identify and discuss disorders that alter compliance?
List 4 factors that create resistance and identify the factor that is responsible for airway resistance changes?
Stage normal range for airway resistance in newborn and how it is measured?
List and describe 3 factors that increase resistance in the neonatal airway and how each can be countered.
Define time constant? Discuss the significance of the 3 time constants and expiratory time?
When given compliance and resistance values calculate a minimal expiratory time needed?
Describe how changes in resistance and compliance change time constants?
