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EMT-P (PAR 210-AIRWAY) > CH. 16 RESPIRATORY EMERGENCIES > Flashcards

CH. 16 RESPIRATORY EMERGENCIES Flashcards

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1
Q

a collection of pus in a sac, formed by necrotic tissues and an accumulation of white blood cells

A

abscess

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2
Q

a type of breath sound that occurs in addition to the normal breath sounds; crackles and wheezes

A

adventitious

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3
Q

the saclike units at the end of the bronchioles where gas exchange takes place

A

alveoli

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4
Q

a vascular reaction that may have an allergic cause and my result in profound swelling of the tongue and lips

A

angioedema

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5
Q

one of the paired, pitcher shaped cartilages at the back of the larynx, at the upper border of the cricoid cartilage

A

arytenoid cartilage

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6
Q

the drawing in and out by suction. Food, liquids or foreign objects can come back up when the patient is unable to protect his or her airway

A

aspiration

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7
Q

the collapse of the alveolar air spaces of the lungs

A

atelectasis

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8
Q

a pharmacologic agent that stimulates the beta-2 receptor sites found in smooth muscle; includes common bronchodilators such as albuterol and levalbuterol

A

beta-2 agonists

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9
Q

poisoning from eating food containing botulinum toxin

A

botulism

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10
Q

sever constriction of the bronchial tree

A

bronchospasm

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11
Q

deep cyanosis of the face and neck and across the chest and back; associated with little or no blood flow

A

cape cyanosis

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12
Q

a ridgelike projection of tracheal cartilage located where the trachea bifurcates in the right and left mainstream bronchi

A

carina

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13
Q

contorted position of the hand or foot in which the fingers or toes flex in a clawlike manner; may result from hyperventilation

A

carpopedal spasm

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14
Q

a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the bronchi that is characterized by excessive mucus production as a result of overgrowth of the mucus glands in the airways

A

chronic bronchitis

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15
Q

the hairlike microtubule projections on the surface of a cell that can move materials over the cell surface

A

cilia

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16
Q

heart disease that develops because of chronic lung disease, affecting primarily the right side of the heart

A

cor pulmonale

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17
Q

the abnormal breath sounds that have a fine, crackling quality; called rales

A

crackles

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18
Q

the ringlike cartilage forming the lower and back part of the larynx

A

cricoid cartilage

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19
Q

the membrane between the cricoid and thyroid cartilages of the larynx

A

cricothyroid membrane

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20
Q

a common disease of childhood due to upper airway obstruction and characterized by stridor, hoarseness, and a barking cough

A

croup

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21
Q

the portion of the tidal volume that does not reach the alveoli and thus does not participate in gas exchange

A

dead space

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22
Q

the production of large amounts of urine by the kidney

A

diuresis

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23
Q

the infiltration of any tissue by air or gas; a COPD characterized by dissension of the alveoli and destructive changes in the lung parenchyma

A

emphysema

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24
Q

the CO2 contained in the last few millimeters of exhaled air; the unit of measure is a percentage

A

end tidal CO2

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25
Q

nosebleed

A

epistaxis

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26
Q

a sitting position with the head elevated to 90 degrees (sitting straight up)

A

fowler’s position

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27
Q

the process by which oxygen depleted blood from the pulmonary circulation releases carbon dioxide and is enriched with oxygen; occurs by diffusion at the interface of the alveoli and pulmonary capillary bed; newly oxygen enriched blood enters the cardiac circulation for distribution to the body’s tissue

A

gas exchange

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28
Q

the vocal cords and the opening between them

A

glottis

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29
Q

the mucus producing cells found mainly in the respiratory and intestinal tracts

A

goblet cells

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30
Q

a mesh filter placed in the inferior vena cava to catch blood clots in patients who are at high risk of pulmonary embolus

A

greenfield filter

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31
Q

a disease of unknown cause that involves progressive paralysis that moves from the feet to the head, aka ascending paralysis; if it reaches the diaphragm, then the patient may require respiratory support

A

Guillan-Barre syndrome

32
Q

the oxygen-carrying pigment of red blood cells; when it has absorbed oxygen in the lungs, it is bright red and called oxyhemoglobin; after oxygen has been given up in the tissues, hemoglobin is purple and called reduced hemoglobin

A

hemoglobin

33
Q

coughing up of blood

A

hemoptysis

34
Q

the nervous system mechanism that terminates inhalation and prevents lung overexpansion

A

hering-breuer reflex

35
Q

to move inadequate volumes of air into the lungs

A

hypoventilate

36
Q

a dangerous condition in which the supply of oxygen to the tissues is reduced

A

hypoxia

37
Q

a situation in which a person’s stimulus to breathe comes from a decrease in PaO2 rather than the normal stimulus, an increase in PaCO2.

A

hypoxic drive

38
Q

the visible bulging of the jugular veins when a patient is in semi-fowler’s or full fowler’s position; indicates inadequate blood movement through the heart and or lungs

A

jugular venous distension

39
Q

a respiratory pattern characteristic DKA, with marked hyperpnea and tachypnea

A

kussmaul respirations

40
Q

inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi

A

laryngotracheobronchitis

41
Q

the organ of voice production

A

larynx

42
Q

the transfer of a disease form one organ or part of the body to another that is not directly connected to the original site; often used to describe a cancer that has spread to other parts of the body

A

metastasis

43
Q

the sound of one note during wheezing, caused by vibration of a single bronchus

A

monophonic

44
Q

severe dyspnea experienced when recumbent and relieved by sitting or standing up

A

orthopnea

45
Q

one of three sets of lymphatic organs that constitute the tonsils; located in the back of the throat, on each side of the posterior opening of the oral cavity; help protect the body from bacteria introduced into the mouth and nose

A

palatine tonsils

46
Q

the functional portions of a gland or solid organ

A

parenchyma

47
Q

severe shortness of breath occurring at night after several hours of recumbency, during which fluid pools in the lungs

A

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

48
Q

hollow pockets on the lateral portions of the glottic opening

A

piriform fossae

49
Q

excessive accumulation of fluid in ht pleural space

A

pleural effusion

50
Q

inflammation of the lung caused by an infectious agent

A

pneumonia

51
Q

the production of more red blood cells over time, make the blood thick; characteristic of people with chronic lung disease and chronic hypoxia

A

polycythemia

52
Q

the sound of multiple motes during wheezing; caused by vibrations of many bronchi

A

polyphonic

53
Q

a false membrane formed by a dead tissue layer; seen in the posterior pharynx of patients with diphtheria

A

pseudomembrane

54
Q

weakening or loss of a palpable pulse during inhalation; characteristic of cardiac tamponadeand severe asthma

A

pulsus paradoxus

55
Q

full of pus

A

purulent

56
Q

old term for abnormal breath sounds that have a fine, crackling quality; now called crackles

A

rales

57
Q

a term used to describe any condition that causes hyperreactive bronchioles and bronchospasms

A

reactive airway disease

58
Q

diseases that limit the ability of the lungs to expand appropriately, Skeletal abnormalities (kyphosis and scoliosis) are a common example

A

restrictive lung disease

59
Q

the drawing in of the intercostal muscles and the muscles above the clavicles in respiratory distress

A

retractions

60
Q

coarse, low pitched breath sounds heard in patients who chronically have mucus in the airways

A

rhonchi

61
Q

a situation in which a portion of the output of the right side of the heart reaches the left side of the heart without being oxygenated in the lungs; may be caused by atelectasis, pulmonary edema.

A

shunt

62
Q

the non striated involuntary muscle found in the vessel walls, glands, and GI tract

A

smooth muscle

63
Q

a noise made during inhalation when the upper airway is partially obstructed by the tongue

A

snoring

64
Q

the devices that collect medication and allows for more medication to be delivered to the lungs and less to the environment

A

spacers

65
Q

a severe, prolonged asthma attack that cannot be stopped with conventional treatment, such as administration of epinephrine

A

status asthmaticus

66
Q

the harsh, high pitched sound associated with severe upper airway obstruction, such as that caused by laryngeal edema

A

stridor

67
Q

a liquid protein that reduces the surface tension of the alveoli and allows for gas exchange

A

surfactant

68
Q

vibrations in the chest that can be felt with a hand on the chest as the patient breathes

A

tactile fremitus

69
Q

the amount of air inhaled or exhaled during one breath

A

tidal volume

70
Q

the opening created during a tracheotomy procedure

A

tracheostomy

71
Q

surgically opening the trachea to create an airway

A

tracheostomy

72
Q

a chronic bacterial disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that usually affects the lungs but can also affect other organs such as the brain and kidneys

A

tuberculosis

73
Q

a set of bony convolutions in the nasopharynx that help to maintain the smooth airflow and warm, humidify, and filter the air as it is inhaled

A

turbinates

74
Q

a monitoring method that measures the exhaled carbon dioxide level and displays the value numerically and as a waveform tracing

A

waveform capnography

75
Q

the process of exchanging air between the lungs and the environment; includes inhalation and exhalation

A

ventilation

EMT-P (PAR 210-AIRWAY) (5 decks)

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