CH. 16 Respiratory Emergencies Flashcards
Which structures contribute to breathing?
- diaphragm
- chest wall muscles
- accessory muscles of breathing (neck muscles
- nerves to the muscles
The upper airway consists of which general types of structures?
structures above the vocal cords (larynx)
What specific structures consist of the upper airway
- nose and mouth
- jaw
- oral cavity
- pharynx
What two processes occur during respiration?
- inspiration
- expiration
Which general portion of the brain regulates and maintains breathing rate and depth?
brainstem
What is the function of the medulla oblongata in terms of respiration?
regulates and maintains O2 and CO2 levels
- HR, BP, RR
What is the normal rate of breathing for an adult?
12 to 20 breaths/min
What is the normal breathing rate for a child?
- 15 to 30 breaths/min
What is the normal rate of breathing for an infant?
30 to 60 breaths/min
What are the signs of normal breathing?
- normal breathing rate; RR
- regular pattern of inhalation and exhalation
- clear and equal breath sounds on both sids of the chest
- regular and equal chest rise and fall
- adequate depth
-unlabored breath sounds (no wheezing or stridor)
A 2 year old female patient presents with a “sore throat” stridor, seal-bark cough in the middle of winter. What is the disease or condition of the patient?
croup
What is croup?
viral inflammatory disease of the upper respiratory system causing swelling of the pharynx, larynx and trachea and causes dyspnea
A 10 year old male pt presents with sore throat, fever, dyspnea and is drooling excessively. When you listen to lung sounds, you hear stridor. What is the disease or condition?
epiglottitis
What is epiglottitis?
bacterial infection which causes the epiglottis to become inflamed and enlarged; could potentially lead to airway obstruction
What is RSV?
respiratory syncytial virus; infection of the lungs and breathing passages and can lead to bronchiolitis and pneumonia
What is brochiolitis?
severe inflammation of the bronchioles
What is asthma?
is an acute spasm of the bronchioles associated with excessive mucus production
What is pneumothorax?
a partial or complete accumulation of air in the pleural space
