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Anatomy Ch. 16 and 17 > Ch. 16- Nervous Tissue > Flashcards

Ch. 16- Nervous Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

2 parts of nervous system

A

Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System

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2
Q

In CNS?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

In PNS?

A

nerves and sensory receptors

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4
Q

Example of sensory receptors?

A

Mechanoreceptors (ruffini endings) and nicotinic recptors (ACH)

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5
Q

3 Functional Components of CNS?

A

Sensory (Afferent), Integrative, and Motor (Efferent)

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6
Q

begins at receptors and carries information to the CNS, one way roads

A

sensory (afferent) function

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7
Q

sensory function AKA

A

afferent

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8
Q

dendrites of neurons, specialized cells, or complex sensory organs

A

receptors

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9
Q

incoming sensory info is processes and decision made about appropriate responses; include perception (CNS)

A

integrative function

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10
Q

begins in the CNS and carries info to effectors (muscles, glands) that carry out desired action

A

Motor (efferent) function

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11
Q

on and off ramps into spinal cord?

A

dorsal and ventral roots

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12
Q

afferent travels the?

A

dorsal root

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13
Q

efferent travels the?

A

ventral root

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14
Q

3 functional components of PNS?

A

Somatic NS, Autonomic, and Enteric NS

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15
Q

sensory receptions in skin, skeletal muscles, and joints; regulates activity of skeletal muscles

A

somatic NS

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16
Q

sensory receptors in organs, regulates activity of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands; regulates organ systems

A

autonomic

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17
Q

2 branches of autonomic NS? (like a teeter totter)

A

sympathetic division and parasympathetic division

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18
Q

fight or flight/emergency

A

sympathetic division

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19
Q

rest and digest/ slow activities

A

parasympathetic division

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20
Q

sensory receptors in GI tract; regulates smooth muscle and glands in GI tract

A

enteric NS

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21
Q

tissues carry out action dictated by nervous system (muscles/glands)

A

effectors

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22
Q

5 parts of a neuron

A

dendrites, cell body, neuroglial cell, axon, and synaptic terminals

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23
Q

stimulated by environmental changes or the other activities of other cells

A

dendrite

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24
Q

support neuron physically and metabolicaly

A

neuroglial cell

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25
contains the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, and other organelles and inclusions
cell body
26
conducts nerve impulse (action potential) toward synaptic terminals
axon
27
site where neurotransmitters are released
synaptic terminal
28
neurotransmitters affect?
another neuron or effector organ (muscle or gland)
29
bulbous projections off dendrites that pick up signals; more= better ability to pick up signals
dendritic spines
30
cell body and axon meet; electric signals sum together
axon hillock
31
electric signals AKA
nerve impulses
32
T or F: nerve impulses can travel in many directions
F, just one
33
3 types of synapses
synapses w/ another neuron, neuromuscular synapses, neuroglandular snyapses
34
what type of synapse is ACH released?
neuromuscular
35
how many neurons for communication to skeletal muscle?
2
36
NT's bind to receptors on the post-synaptic neuron..
open ion channels and make electric signals happen
37
sympathetic nervous tissue, mass activation, diverges info very rapidly
diverging circuit
38
3 types of neuronal circuits
diverging, converging, reverberating
39
parasympathetic and somatic, pre-synaptic, synapses, and post-synaptic, regulate output, and fine tune neurons activity
converging circuits
40
rhythmic patterns, breathing/respiratory system
reverberating circuits
41
4 structural classifications of neurons
multipolar, unipolar, bipolar, purkinje, and pyramidal
42
motor, interneurons (neurons only w/ in CNS)
multipolar neurons
43
sensory, dorsal root ganglia
unipolar neurons
44
rare, found in areas with special sensation (vision)
bipolar neurons
45
cerebellum (use to take notes), lots of dendrites = can get lots of info from environment
purkinje cell
46
cerebral cortex/cerebrum, multipolar
pyramidal cell
47
4 neuroglia in CNS
oligodendrocytes, microglial, astrocytes, and ependymal
48
2 neuroglia in PNS
schwann and satellite
49
myelinate CNS axons; provide structural framework
oligodendrocytes
50
maintain blood-brain barrier, provide structural support, regulate iron, nutrient, and dissolved gas concentrations, absorb and recycle neurotransmitters, form scar tissue after surgery, support neuron
astrocytes
51
makes difficult for anything from blood to get to brain and spinal cord
blood-brain barrier
52
remove cell debris, wastes, and pathogens by phagocytosis (engulf); garbage collectors
microglia
53
line chambers and cavities- ventricles (brain) and central canal (spinal cord); assist in producing, circulating, and monitoring cerebrospinal fluid
ependymal cells
54
fluid around brain and spinal cord- in central canal
CSF
55
surround all axons in PNS; responsible for myelination of peripheral axons; participate in repair process after injury
schwann cells
56
speeds up electric signal transmission down an axon to synaptic terminal
myelin sheath
57
has connection with schwann cell, but it doesn't wrap around it numerous times
unmyelinated axon
58
surround neuron cell bodies (like a satellite in ganglia; regulate O2, CO2, nutrient, and neurotransmitter levels in neurons around ganglia; support cell body; unipolar (sensory) neuron
satellite cells
59
gray matter in PNS (nerve cell bodies)
ganglia
60
axons coated with myelin are said to be?
myelinated
61
areas of axon not wrapped with myelin
nodes of ranvier
62
myelin wraps around with?
time
63
relates back to myelin and is loss of myelin (disrupts electric signal transmission- sensory/motor loss)
Multiple sclerosis
64
loss of myelin leads to inability to transmit nerve impulses down axon and thus?
failure to communicate at snyapse
65
two types of matter
gray matter and white matter
66
where synapsing/communication happens
gray matter
67
collection of nerve cell bodies
gray matter
68
where is gray matter in CNS?
cortex, nuclei, and center
69
outside CNS
cortex
70
anatomical mass of gray matter in brain
nuclei
71
functional role for area of gray matter
center
72
gray matter in PNS?
ganglia
73
interior of CNS?
nuclei and center
74
groups of myelinated axons
white matter
75
white matter in CNS?
tracts and columns
76
white matter in PNS?
nerves
77
groups of axons in PNS
nerves
78
cranial nerves connect to? (trigeminal)
brain
79
spinal nerves connect to? (ulnar)
spinal cord
80
bundles of CNS axons that share a common origin and destination
tracts
81
two types of tracts?
ascending and descending
82
sensory pathways to brian
ascending tracts
83
motor pathways- brain brings info to tissue
descending tracts
84
several tracts form anatomically distinct mass
columns

Anatomy Ch. 16 and 17 (1 decks)

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