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Anatomy Ch. 16 and 17 > Ch. 16- Nervous Tissue > Flashcards

Ch. 16- Nervous Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

2 parts of nervous system

A

Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System

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2
Q

In CNS?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

In PNS?

A

nerves and sensory receptors

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4
Q

Example of sensory receptors?

A

Mechanoreceptors (ruffini endings) and nicotinic recptors (ACH)

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5
Q

3 Functional Components of CNS?

A

Sensory (Afferent), Integrative, and Motor (Efferent)

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6
Q

begins at receptors and carries information to the CNS, one way roads

A

sensory (afferent) function

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7
Q

sensory function AKA

A

afferent

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8
Q

dendrites of neurons, specialized cells, or complex sensory organs

A

receptors

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9
Q

incoming sensory info is processes and decision made about appropriate responses; include perception (CNS)

A

integrative function

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10
Q

begins in the CNS and carries info to effectors (muscles, glands) that carry out desired action

A

Motor (efferent) function

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11
Q

on and off ramps into spinal cord?

A

dorsal and ventral roots

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12
Q

afferent travels the?

A

dorsal root

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13
Q

efferent travels the?

A

ventral root

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14
Q

3 functional components of PNS?

A

Somatic NS, Autonomic, and Enteric NS

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15
Q

sensory receptions in skin, skeletal muscles, and joints; regulates activity of skeletal muscles

A

somatic NS

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16
Q

sensory receptors in organs, regulates activity of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands; regulates organ systems

A

autonomic

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17
Q

2 branches of autonomic NS? (like a teeter totter)

A

sympathetic division and parasympathetic division

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18
Q

fight or flight/emergency

A

sympathetic division

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19
Q

rest and digest/ slow activities

A

parasympathetic division

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20
Q

sensory receptors in GI tract; regulates smooth muscle and glands in GI tract

A

enteric NS

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21
Q

tissues carry out action dictated by nervous system (muscles/glands)

A

effectors

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22
Q

5 parts of a neuron

A

dendrites, cell body, neuroglial cell, axon, and synaptic terminals

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23
Q

stimulated by environmental changes or the other activities of other cells

A

dendrite

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24
Q

support neuron physically and metabolicaly

A

neuroglial cell

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25
Q

contains the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, and other organelles and inclusions

A

cell body

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26
Q

conducts nerve impulse (action potential) toward synaptic terminals

A

axon

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27
Q

site where neurotransmitters are released

A

synaptic terminal

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28
Q

neurotransmitters affect?

A

another neuron or effector organ (muscle or gland)

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29
Q

bulbous projections off dendrites that pick up signals; more= better ability to pick up signals

A

dendritic spines

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30
Q

cell body and axon meet; electric signals sum together

A

axon hillock

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31
Q

electric signals AKA

A

nerve impulses

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32
Q

T or F: nerve impulses can travel in many directions

A

F, just one

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33
Q

3 types of synapses

A

synapses w/ another neuron, neuromuscular synapses, neuroglandular snyapses

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34
Q

what type of synapse is ACH released?

A

neuromuscular

35
Q

how many neurons for communication to skeletal muscle?

A

2

36
Q

NT’s bind to receptors on the post-synaptic neuron..

A

open ion channels and make electric signals happen

37
Q

sympathetic nervous tissue, mass activation, diverges info very rapidly

A

diverging circuit

38
Q

3 types of neuronal circuits

A

diverging, converging, reverberating

39
Q

parasympathetic and somatic, pre-synaptic, synapses, and post-synaptic, regulate output, and fine tune neurons activity

A

converging circuits

40
Q

rhythmic patterns, breathing/respiratory system

A

reverberating circuits

41
Q

4 structural classifications of neurons

A

multipolar, unipolar, bipolar, purkinje, and pyramidal

42
Q

motor, interneurons (neurons only w/ in CNS)

A

multipolar neurons

43
Q

sensory, dorsal root ganglia

A

unipolar neurons

44
Q

rare, found in areas with special sensation (vision)

A

bipolar neurons

45
Q

cerebellum (use to take notes), lots of dendrites = can get lots of info from environment

A

purkinje cell

46
Q

cerebral cortex/cerebrum, multipolar

A

pyramidal cell

47
Q

4 neuroglia in CNS

A

oligodendrocytes, microglial, astrocytes, and ependymal

48
Q

2 neuroglia in PNS

A

schwann and satellite

49
Q

myelinate CNS axons; provide structural framework

A

oligodendrocytes

50
Q

maintain blood-brain barrier, provide structural support, regulate iron, nutrient, and dissolved gas concentrations, absorb and recycle neurotransmitters, form scar tissue after surgery, support neuron

A

astrocytes

51
Q

makes difficult for anything from blood to get to brain and spinal cord

A

blood-brain barrier

52
Q

remove cell debris, wastes, and pathogens by phagocytosis (engulf); garbage collectors

A

microglia

53
Q

line chambers and cavities- ventricles (brain) and central canal (spinal cord); assist in producing, circulating, and monitoring cerebrospinal fluid

A

ependymal cells

54
Q

fluid around brain and spinal cord- in central canal

A

CSF

55
Q

surround all axons in PNS; responsible for myelination of peripheral axons; participate in repair process after injury

A

schwann cells

56
Q

speeds up electric signal transmission down an axon to synaptic terminal

A

myelin sheath

57
Q

has connection with schwann cell, but it doesn’t wrap around it numerous times

A

unmyelinated axon

58
Q

surround neuron cell bodies (like a satellite in ganglia; regulate O2, CO2, nutrient, and neurotransmitter levels in neurons around ganglia; support cell body; unipolar (sensory) neuron

A

satellite cells

59
Q

gray matter in PNS (nerve cell bodies)

A

ganglia

60
Q

axons coated with myelin are said to be?

A

myelinated

61
Q

areas of axon not wrapped with myelin

A

nodes of ranvier

62
Q

myelin wraps around with?

A

time

63
Q

relates back to myelin and is loss of myelin (disrupts electric signal transmission- sensory/motor loss)

A

Multiple sclerosis

64
Q

loss of myelin leads to inability to transmit nerve impulses down axon and thus?

A

failure to communicate at snyapse

65
Q

two types of matter

A

gray matter and white matter

66
Q

where synapsing/communication happens

A

gray matter

67
Q

collection of nerve cell bodies

A

gray matter

68
Q

where is gray matter in CNS?

A

cortex, nuclei, and center

69
Q

outside CNS

A

cortex

70
Q

anatomical mass of gray matter in brain

A

nuclei

71
Q

functional role for area of gray matter

A

center

72
Q

gray matter in PNS?

A

ganglia

73
Q

interior of CNS?

A

nuclei and center

74
Q

groups of myelinated axons

A

white matter

75
Q

white matter in CNS?

A

tracts and columns

76
Q

white matter in PNS?

A

nerves

77
Q

groups of axons in PNS

A

nerves

78
Q

cranial nerves connect to? (trigeminal)

A

brain

79
Q

spinal nerves connect to? (ulnar)

A

spinal cord

80
Q

bundles of CNS axons that share a common origin and destination

A

tracts

81
Q

two types of tracts?

A

ascending and descending

82
Q

sensory pathways to brian

A

ascending tracts

83
Q

motor pathways- brain brings info to tissue

A

descending tracts

84
Q

several tracts form anatomically distinct mass

A

columns

Anatomy Ch. 16 and 17 (1 decks)

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