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PTA 210 (modalities 2) > CH 16 Lasers and Light: Chapter Review and Vocab > Flashcards

CH 16 Lasers and Light: Chapter Review and Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

What is composed of electrical and magnetic fields that vary over time and are oriented perpendicular to each other?

A

Electromagnetic radiation

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2
Q

What types of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation have clinical therapeutic applications?

A
  • Shortwave
  • Microwave
  • IR
  • Visible light
  • UV radiation
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3
Q

What type of light has unique features of being monochromatic (one frequency), coherent, and directional?

A

Laser light

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4
Q

What type of light has a range of frequencies, noncoherent, and spreads?

A

LEDs and SLDs

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5
Q

What type of light may be used as physical agents in rehabilitation?

A

Low-intensity laser or noncoherent light

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6
Q

How do lasers and light affect cells?

A

via their interaction with intracellular chromophores leading to a range of cellular effects (increased ATP and RNA synsthesis)

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7
Q

What does the cellular effects (increased ATP and RNA synthesis) from laser and lights affect?

A
  • Promote tissue healing
  • Reduce pain
  • Improve function in patients with a range of conditions (arthritis, neuropathy, and lymphedema)
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8
Q

Name the contraindications to the use of lasers

A
  • Direct irradiation of the eyes
  • Malignancy
  • Within 4-6 months after radiation therapy
  • Hemorrhaging regions
  • Application to endocrine glands
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9
Q

Name the precautions of the use of lasers.

A
  • Application to low back or abdomen during pregnancy
  • Epiphyseal plates in children
  • Impaired sensation or mentation
  • Photophobia
  • Abnormally high sensitivity to light
  • Pretreatment with one or more photosensitizers
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10
Q

What should the clinician first consider when selecting a device?

A

Whether light therapy will be effective for the patient’s condition

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11
Q

What are the parameters the clinician should set after determining the type of diode (laser, LED, or SLD)?

A

Wavelength
Power
Energy density

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12
Q

What is considered to be a range of wavelengths within the electromagnetic spectrum (i.e. the band for UVA radiation is 320-400 nm)?

A

Band (frequency band)

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13
Q

What is considered parts of a molecule that gives it color by absorbing certain wavelengths and reflecting others?

A

Chromophores

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14
Q

What is considered a light therapy applicator with multiple diodes that may consist of any combination of laser diodes, light-emitting diodes, or supraluminous diodes?

A

Cluster probe

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15
Q

What allows for coverage of a larger treatment area, takes advantage of the properties of different types of diodes, and may reduce treatment time?

A

Use of multiple diodes

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16
Q

What is considered light in which all waves are in phase with each other?

A

Coherent (lasers produce coherent light)

17
Q

What is considered the application of shortwave or microwave electromagnetic energy to produce heat within tissues, particularly deep tissues?

A

Diathermy

18
Q

What is considered light with parallel waves?

A

Directional (collimated)

19
Q

What is considered light that spreads?

A

Divergent (opposite of collimated)

20
Q

What is considered radiation composed of electrical and magnetic fields that vary over time and are oriented perpendicular to each other?

A

Electromagnetic radiation

21
Q

What type of radiation does not need a medium to propagate?

A

Electromagnetic radiation

22
Q

What is considered the amount of electromagnetic energy delivered over the entire treatment time?

A

Energy

23
Q

What is energy usually measured in?

A

joules (J)

24
Q

What is equal to power multiplied by time?

A

Energy (1J=1W x 1s)

25
Q

What is considered to be the total amount of electromagnetic energy delivered per unit area over the entire treatment time?

A

Energy density (fluence)

26
Q

What is usually measured joules per centimeter squared?

A

Energy Density (J/cm2)

27
Q

What is considered the number of wavers per unit time?

A

Frequency

28
Q

What is measured in hertz (Hz) and indicates waves per second?

A

Frequency

29
Q

What is considered to be a laser that heats and destroys tissue directly in beam and is used for surgery?

A

Hot laser

30
Q

What is another name for hot laser?

A

High-intensity laser

31
Q

What is considered to be an electromagnetic radiation that can penetrate cells and displace electrons from atoms or molecules to create ions?

A

Ionizing radiation

32
Q

What includes x-rays and gamma rays?

A

Ionizing Radiation

33
Q

What can damage internal structures of living cells?

A

Ionizing Radiation

34
Q

What has the unique properties of being monochromatic, coherent, and directional?

A

Laser

35
Q

What is the acronym for Laser?

A

Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation

36
Q

What is a light source that uses semiconductor diode technology and optics to produce laser light?

A

Laser Diode

37
Q

What is a semiconductor diode light source that produces relatively low-power light in a range of frequencies?

A

Light-emitting diode (LED)

38
Q

What may appear to be one color but will always have a range of wavelengths and will not be coherent or directional?

A

Light-emitting diode (LED)

PTA 210 (modalities 2) (5 decks)

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