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Nursing NRP 110 > Ch 16 Infection > Flashcards

Ch 16 Infection Flashcards

1
Q

List the types of microorganisms that can cause infection in humans

A
  1. Bacteria
  2. Protozoa
  3. Prions
  4. Fungi
  5. Virus
  6. Ricksetta
  7. Helminth
  8. Other, Chlamydia
  9. B P P F V R H C
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2
Q

Chain of Infection

A
  1. Causative Agent
  2. Reservoir
  3. Portal of Entry
  4. Portal of Exit
  5. Mode of Transfer
  6. Susceptible Host
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3
Q

Susceptibility of the Older Adult

A

Chronic illness

Immobility

Poor nutrition

Poor hygiene

Physiologic changes such as thinner skin

CIPPP (“CIPPPY”)

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4
Q

Body Defenses Against Infection

A

First Line

  1. Skin

Second

  1. Fever
  2. Inflammation
  3. Interferon
  4. WBC
  5. Phage

Third

  1. Immune response
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5
Q

Which person is at highest risk for developing a hospital-acquired (nosocomial) infection?

A visitor

An employee

An 80-year-old cancer patient

A 6-year-old getting ready for discharge from the hospital

A

An 80-year-old cancer patient

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6
Q

Medical Asepsis vs Surgical Asepsis

A
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7
Q

Disinfect

A

Recommended disinfectant: 1:10 bleach to water

phenol, alcohol, or chlorine PAC

bacterio-static, or - cidal

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8
Q

Sterilize

A

Steam/moist heat

Dry heat/hot air

Ethylene oxide

Low-temperature gas plasma

Radiation

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9
Q

Latex Gloves

A

Use gloves appropriately, not for routine tasks

Removed directly over a trash receptacle without “snapping” them off

Do not use petroleum-based lotions under latex gloves.

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10
Q

Sharps Container

A

needles

IV cannulas

items that might cause a skin break

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11
Q

Biohazard bags

A

Dressings

Maxipads

Suction drainage

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12
Q

Asepsis, Home Environment

A

1:10 bleach bathroom counters

Hot w/ soap, then bleach; for instruments

dishwasher sanitize

damp dusting

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13
Q

The most effective way to destroy all types of microorganisms is to…?

  • expose them to moist heat at a high temperature for 16 to 20 minutes. 250 F. Autoclave.
  • expose them to dry heat at a high temperature for 5 minutes.
  • wash them thoroughly for 5 minutes.
  • wash them thoroughly for 15 minutes under warm soapy water.
A

expose them to moist heat at a high temperature for 16 to 20 minutes. 250 F. Autoclave.

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14
Q

A hepatitis B vaccine. What type of immunity?

Naturally acquired

Passive acquired

Naturally acquired passive

Artificially acquired

A

Artificially acquired

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15
Q

For surgical asepsis, include all of the following except:

  • perform a 5-minute hand scrub before entering the operating room.
  • use sterile protective garb such as gown, mask, and gloves.
  • sterilize all instruments and inanimate objects used in surgery.
  • maintain clean technique while in the operating room.
A

maintain clean technique while in the operating room.

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16
Q

Aseptic home environment. All of the following are true except:

  • precautions are important.
  • handwashing can be modified and is not as important as in the hospital.
  • syringes are placed in a clean milk jug with bleach and water.
  • frequent dusting and vacuuming are necessary to decrease the number of microorganisms.
A

handwashing can be modified and is not as important as in the hospital.

17
Q

Rickettsia parasite

A

Transmitted by fleas, lice, mites, ticks

multiply only in host cells

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

Typhus

18
Q

Standard Precautions

A

All clients. Infected or not.

Fluid

Mucous

Open cut

One or any combo of: Glove-gown-mask-eyes-hand hygiene

19
Q

Contact Precations

A

C-diff

Noro

VRE

RSV

Gown-gloves

20
Q

Airborne

A

Vericaella

Measles

TB

N95

Gown

Gloves

Goggles/face shield

21
Q

Isolation CONTACT Precautions

A

Contact (direct or indirect) Shigella, Scabies.

Private room or w/ same infection pt.

22
Q

3 types of isolation precautions

A

Contact

Droplet

Airborne

Gloves-gown

Equipment must be cleaned before leaving

23
Q

Nonspecific & Specific immunity

A

NS: WBC and

24
Q

Infections Local and Systemic

A

Local: impetego, upper respiratory, toxic shock, scarlet fever

25
Q

Clean vs Sterile Technique

A
26
Q

HAI Healthcare associated infections

A

Central line (CLABSI)

Catheter (CAUTI)

Surgical Site (SSI)

Ventilator Assisted (VAP)

27
Q

Droplet

A

Mask

Gown

Gloves

Maybe face shield

Nursing NRP 110 (3 decks)

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