Ch 16 Infection Flashcards
List the types of microorganisms that can cause infection in humans
- Bacteria
- Protozoa
- Prions
- Fungi
- Virus
- Ricksetta
- Helminth
- Other, Chlamydia
- B P P F V R H C
Chain of Infection
- Causative Agent
- Reservoir
- Portal of Entry
- Portal of Exit
- Mode of Transfer
- Susceptible Host
Susceptibility of the Older Adult
Chronic illness
Immobility
Poor nutrition
Poor hygiene
Physiologic changes such as thinner skin
CIPPP (“CIPPPY”)
Body Defenses Against Infection
First Line
- Skin
Second
- Fever
- Inflammation
- Interferon
- WBC
- Phage
Third
- Immune response
Which person is at highest risk for developing a hospital-acquired (nosocomial) infection?
A visitor
An employee
An 80-year-old cancer patient
A 6-year-old getting ready for discharge from the hospital
An 80-year-old cancer patient
Medical Asepsis vs Surgical Asepsis
Disinfect
Recommended disinfectant: 1:10 bleach to water
phenol, alcohol, or chlorine PAC
bacterio-static, or - cidal
Sterilize
Steam/moist heat
Dry heat/hot air
Ethylene oxide
Low-temperature gas plasma
Radiation
Latex Gloves
Use gloves appropriately, not for routine tasks
Removed directly over a trash receptacle without “snapping” them off
Do not use petroleum-based lotions under latex gloves.
Sharps Container
needles
IV cannulas
items that might cause a skin break
Biohazard bags
Dressings
Maxipads
Suction drainage
Asepsis, Home Environment
1:10 bleach bathroom counters
Hot w/ soap, then bleach; for instruments
dishwasher sanitize
damp dusting
The most effective way to destroy all types of microorganisms is to…?
- expose them to moist heat at a high temperature for 16 to 20 minutes. 250 F. Autoclave.
- expose them to dry heat at a high temperature for 5 minutes.
- wash them thoroughly for 5 minutes.
- wash them thoroughly for 15 minutes under warm soapy water.
expose them to moist heat at a high temperature for 16 to 20 minutes. 250 F. Autoclave.
A hepatitis B vaccine. What type of immunity?
Naturally acquired
Passive acquired
Naturally acquired passive
Artificially acquired
Artificially acquired
For surgical asepsis, include all of the following except:
- perform a 5-minute hand scrub before entering the operating room.
- use sterile protective garb such as gown, mask, and gloves.
- sterilize all instruments and inanimate objects used in surgery.
- maintain clean technique while in the operating room.
maintain clean technique while in the operating room.
Aseptic home environment. All of the following are true except:
- precautions are important.
- handwashing can be modified and is not as important as in the hospital.
- syringes are placed in a clean milk jug with bleach and water.
- frequent dusting and vacuuming are necessary to decrease the number of microorganisms.
handwashing can be modified and is not as important as in the hospital.
Rickettsia parasite
Transmitted by fleas, lice, mites, ticks
multiply only in host cells
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Typhus
Standard Precautions
All clients. Infected or not.
Fluid
Mucous
Open cut
One or any combo of: Glove-gown-mask-eyes-hand hygiene
Contact Precations
C-diff
Noro
VRE
RSV
Gown-gloves
Airborne
Vericaella
Measles
TB
N95
Gown
Gloves
Goggles/face shield
Isolation CONTACT Precautions
Contact (direct or indirect) Shigella, Scabies.
Private room or w/ same infection pt.
3 types of isolation precautions
Contact
Droplet
Airborne
Gloves-gown
Equipment must be cleaned before leaving
Nonspecific & Specific immunity
NS: WBC and
Infections Local and Systemic
Local: impetego, upper respiratory, toxic shock, scarlet fever
Clean vs Sterile Technique
HAI Healthcare associated infections
Central line (CLABSI)
Catheter (CAUTI)
Surgical Site (SSI)
Ventilator Assisted (VAP)
Droplet
Mask
Gown
Gloves
Maybe face shield
