Ch. 16 - Electrolytes (from ppt) Flashcards
These are ions capable of carrying an electric charge
Electrolytes
Give the two classifications of electrolytes.
Anion
Cation
It is the type of electrolyte that has a negative charge and migrates toward the anode (+).
Anion
It is the type of electrolyte that has a positive charge and migrates toward the cathode (-).
Cation
Give the two ways by which enzymes are transported.
Active transport
Passive transport
This type of movement of ions require energy to move the ions across the cellular membrane
Active transport
Give an example of an active transport mechanism.
ATPase pump (NAK)
This type of movement of ions does not require energy and is the movement of molecules from high concentration to a lower concentration.
Passive transport
Give an example of a passive transport mechanism.
Osmosis
Enumerate the functions of electrolytes with the corresponding electrolyte responsible for it.
Acid Base balance Bicarbonate, K, Cl
Osmotic regulation Na, Cl, K
Myocardial rythm and contractility Mg, Ca, K
Nueromascular excitability Mg, Ca, K
Cofactors in enzyme activation Mg, Ca, Zn
Blood coagulation Mg, Ca
Production and use of glucose Mg, Phosphate
Regulation of ATPase pump Mg
What is the latin term for sodium?
Natrium
This is the most abundant cation in the ECF
Sodium
(T/F) Sodium is an osmoregulator
T
What is the main function of an osmoregulator?
Maintenance of osmolality
An increase in sodium will lead to an (increase/decrease) in osmolality
Increase
The normal values of sodium range from ___ to ___ mmol/L
135 - 145 (140 mmol/L)
The Na+-K+ ATPase pump moves ___ number of sodium ions out of the cell in exchange for ___ number of potassium ions moving into the cell as ATP is converted to ADP
3
2
What laboratory procedure is done to determine sodium levels?
Ion selective electrodes (ISE)
An increase of sodium will lead to hyperosmolality and will (stimulate/suppress) thirst.
Stimulate
A decrease of sodium will lead to decrease in osmolality and will (stimulate/suppress) thirst.
Suppress
The excretion of water is controlled by what enzyme?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Argenine vasopressin (AVP)
An increase in sodium will lead to the (release/inhibition) of Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)/Argenine vasopressin (AVP).
Release
A decrease in sodium will lead to the (release/inhibition) of Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)/Argenine vasopressin (AVP).
Inhibition
The blood volume status wherein there is deceased blood volume/pressure.
Hypovolemia
The blood volume status wherein there is increased blood volume/pressure.
Hypervolemia
This blood volume status induces the release of renin.
Hypovolemia
This is the enzyme that converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin.
Renin
This is the enzyme that converts angiotensin to angiotensin II.
Angiotensin converting enzyme