Ch 16 Flashcards
Entry of infectious agent microorganism I to body causes disease
Pathogen
Tells you what type of pathogen u have been exposed to . What agent is present
Blood culture
Tells you what type if antibiotic u need
Culture sensitivity test
More virulent/ stronger type of bacteria
Gram negative
What causes drug resistance
Overuse
Not finishing antibiotica
Normal flora sites
Upper respiratory, mouth nose throat
Klebsiella
Staph
Strep
Normal flora sites
Skin
Aciniobacter
Staph aureus
Staph epidermis
Normal flora sites
Small bowl colon
Clostridum perfingens(can become c diff)
Normal flora sites
Vagina
Lactobacillus sp.
Prion
Only found inside host
LINK 1
CAUSATIVE AGENT
The microorganism capable of causing disease.
MRSA, c-diff, klebsiella
Reservoir
2.
Place where microorganisms are found.
Infected wounds, waste,animals, insects, contaminated food/ water, infected person.abd wound, gi, lungs
Portal of exit . 3
Route by which pathogen leaves the body of host
Gi tract faces transport typhoid.
Resp tract measles, mumos,tb, flu
Skin open wound
Mode of transfer 4.
- Direct contact -drainage, excretions
- Indirect-fomites-inaninate objects
- Vectors-flesh ticks insects
- droplet inf-coughing sneezing
- Spread 1 part of body to another.
- Portal of entry
How pathogen enters body.
Mucous membranes
Eating infected food water
Breathing droplets
- Susceptible host
Maybe by age. State health, broken skin, older adults.
C.r.p.m.p.s
Causative agent, resevoir,portal exit, mode transfer, portal entry, susceptible host.
FACTORS INCREASING SUSCEPTIBILITY TO INFECTION
age, malnutrition,stress fatigue,low WBC count, body damage, alcoholism, chronic illness,indwelling tubes,chemo,
First defense against infection
Intact skin-lysosomes,cillia,kupffer,gastric secretions
Second line of defense against Infection
wbc,fever, inflammatory response, phagocytosis, I terferon.histamines serotonin, capillaries leaky.permissive temp
Third line defense against infection
Immune response- body reaction to something foreign
Types of immune response
- Naturally acquired immunity.me- chickenpox flu
- Passive acquired immunity-tetanus(antibodies dev in someone else)
- Naturally acquired passive immunity.fetus from mother-
- Artificial acquired immunity.injecting vaccines.
Making environment free of microorganisms
Asepsis
Medical asepsis(clean technique)
Ng tube, confine organisms, reduces microorganisms, Clorox wipes
Surgical asepsis
Anything inside patient. Keeps area object free of all microorganisms for period of time. Use sterile materials. Antibiotics sterile.
Medical hand wash
At least 15 seconds 15-30 seconds
C diff hand hygiene
Must was hands 15-30 seconds
No artificial nails
Surgical hand scrub
2-5 mind scrub vigorously, 2 in above elbow.
Standard precautions/ tier 1
Every single patient
All linens, occ health, pt. placement ppe
Factors increasing susceptibility to infection
Age, malnutrition,stress,low wbc,altered defense mechanisms,alcoholism,chronic illness,indwelling tubes, immunosuporessive tx corticosterouds
Increased susceptibility of older adult to infection
Homeostasis, immune function,resp function,skin,gi, urinary
Factors increase susceptibility to infection
Age malnutrition,stress/fatigue,low WBC, alcoholism, chronic illness, 8ndwelling tubes, immunosuppressive tx,
What does tier 1 include?
WASH HANDS , heavy soil/c diff,
GLOVES before mucous membr/non intact skin,
MASK/EYE PROTECTION splashes/ blood/secretions excretions
GOWN contact precautions,splashes secretions excretions/contact precautions.
PT EQUIO-cleaned reprocessed,
ENV CONTROL aka housekeeping,
LINENS-bag- close it dont rouch clothes,
OCC HEALTH/bbp-needle sticks/no recap dirty needle/scoop method,
PT PLACEMENT-place in private room
N95 mask
Worn only by healthcare personnell/ must be fitted to you.change mask when moist
Latex allergy
Bananas, kiwi avocado
Dont use petroleum based lotions under gloves
Sharps
Dispose of when 2/3 full
Trash
Empty when 2/3 full
Contaminated waste/items
Dispose of in red biohazard bags, wet w blood
Disinfection
1 part chlorine 10 parts water
Contaminated dressings
Disposable ziplock bags
How should forceps scissors 9ther small implements be washed?
Hot water and detergent the soaked in bleach, rinse with hot water air dry
How many methislds sterilization
5- steam under pressure(moist) AUTOCLAVE Dry heat ETHYLENE OXIDE - against spores and microorganisms Liquid chemical Hydrogen peroxide gas plasma
