CH. 16 Flashcards
What is the most widely produced chemical on the plannet?
H2SO4
Define Critical Point
when densities of the liquids and gas become the same ( Cannot distinguish between the two phases)
Define Triple Point
when all phases exist at the same time
Define Energy
the ability to do work
Describe how energy is stored in microscopic systems.
Energy is quantized and held in discrete energetic states rather than a continous energy gradient.
Molecules act according to _________\_ Dynamics
Quantum
Ensembles or large groups of molecules follow __________ Dynamics
Classical
Define Critical Temperature (Tc)
the temperature above which a gas cannot be liquified, regardless of the pressure.
In the picture, the CO2 isotherms flatten out as T -> Tc from above/ there are horizontal regions when
T < Tc.
What can you say about the state of the CO2 in that region?
In the horizontal region, CO2 gas and liquid coexist in equilibrium with each other.
In the picture, what does the dashed curve connecting the ends of the horizontal lines referred to as?
coexisitence curve
In the picture, what can you say about any point within the coexistence curve?
any point within the coexistence curve corresponds to liquid and gas coexisting in equilibrium with each other.
How many phases are presesnt outside the coexisitence curve?
ONE
In the figure, what phase is point G in?
the gas phase
In the figure, why does the pressure increase so sharply with a further decrease in volume after reaching point D?
Because now its all liquid and the volume of liquid changes very little with pressure.
What is meant by quantization?
its a function of only integers
How does an atom store energy?
1) In electrons or electronic energy
2) Nuclear motion or translational energy
How do atoms store energy in the electrons or electronic energy?
energy is stored when the KE or PE of the electrons is changed.
What happens to translational energy when the temperature is increased? Why?
the translational energy is also increased because it increases the KE of atoms
When energy is absorbed, what happens to the electron?
the electron is excited to higher E-levels and/or e- is further from the nucleus
Describe Nuclear Motion.
Energy is stored in the motion of the atoms as they translate through space i.e collision
Define bohr atomic radius
the average distance between an electron and proton in a hydrogen atom
How much interraction is there when the negative and positive charges are at infiite distance?
there is zero interaction
As the negative and positive charges get closer and closer together what happens to the energy?
The energy goes down
Which series occurs in the visible region?
(Lyman, Balmer, or Paschen Series)
Balmer Series
