CH. 16

Question 1

What is the most widely produced chemical on the plannet?

Answer 1

H₂SO₄

Question 2

Define Critical Point

Answer 2

when densities of the liquids and gas become the same ( Cannot distinguish between the two phases)

Question 3

Define Triple Point

Answer 3

when all phases exist at the same time

Question 4

Define Energy

Answer 4

the ability to do work

Question 5

Describe how energy is stored in microscopic systems.

Answer 5

Energy is quantized and held in discrete energetic states rather than a continous energy gradient.

Question 6

Molecules act according to _________\_ Dynamics

Answer 6

Quantum

Question 7

Ensembles or large groups of molecules follow __________ Dynamics

Answer 7

Classical

Question 8

Define Critical Temperature (T_c)

Answer 8

the temperature above which a gas cannot be liquified, regardless of the pressure.

Question 9

In the picture, the CO₂ isotherms flatten out as T -> T_c from above/ there are horizontal regions when

T < T_c.

What can you say about the state of the CO₂ in that region?

Answer 9

In the horizontal region, CO₂ gas and liquid coexist in equilibrium with each other.

Question 10

In the picture, what does the dashed curve connecting the ends of the horizontal lines referred to as?

Answer 10

coexisitence curve

Question 11

In the picture, what can you say about any point within the coexistence curve?

Answer 11

any point within the coexistence curve corresponds to liquid and gas coexisting in equilibrium with each other.

Question 12

How many phases are presesnt outside the coexisitence curve?

Answer 12

ONE

Question 13

In the figure, what phase is point G in?

Answer 13

the gas phase

Question 14

In the figure, why does the pressure increase so sharply with a further decrease in volume after reaching point D?

Answer 14

Because now its all liquid and the volume of liquid changes very little with pressure.

Question 15

What is meant by quantization?

Answer 15

its a function of only integers

Question 16

How does an atom store energy?

Answer 16

1) In electrons or electronic energy
2) Nuclear motion or translational energy

Question 17

How do atoms store energy in the electrons or electronic energy?

Answer 17

energy is stored when the KE or PE of the electrons is changed.

Question 18

What happens to translational energy when the temperature is increased? Why?

Answer 18

the translational energy is also increased because it increases the KE of atoms

Question 19

When energy is absorbed, what happens to the electron?

Answer 19

the electron is excited to higher E-levels and/or e- is further from the nucleus

Question 20

Describe Nuclear Motion.

Answer 20

Energy is stored in the motion of the atoms as they translate through space i.e collision

Question 21

Define bohr atomic radius

Answer 21

the average distance between an electron and proton in a hydrogen atom

Question 22

How much interraction is there when the negative and positive charges are at infiite distance?

Answer 22

there is zero interaction

Question 23

As the negative and positive charges get closer and closer together what happens to the energy?

Answer 23

The energy goes down

Question 24

Which series occurs in the visible region?

(Lyman, Balmer, or Paschen Series)

Answer 24

Balmer Series

Question 25

Which series occurs in the ultra-violet region?

(Lyman, Balmer, or Paschen)

Answer 25

Lyman Series

Question 26

Which series is observed in the IR region?

(Lyman, Balmer, Paschen)

Answer 26

Paschen Series

Question 27

What are the ways you can store energy in a diatomic molecule

Answer 27

1) Electronic Energy
2) Translational Energy
3) Rotational Energy
4) Vibrational Energy

Question 28

what is bond dissociation energy?

Answer 28

Energy needed to break a bond

Question 29

For every molecule, atom, diatomic. How many degrees of freedom will you have. Name the components.

Answer 29

3 degrees of freedom:

1) Tanslational
2) Rotational
3) Nuclear Vibrational