ch 16 Flashcards
Which of the following contradicts the one-gene, one-enzyme hypothesis?
D) A single antibody gene can code for different related proteins, depending on the splicing that takes place post-transcriptionally
(picture)
According to the table and figure above, which enzyme is defective in the strain with the arg2 mutation?
B) The enzyme that converts ornithine to citrulline.
Knockout mice have been genetically altered to knock out specific genes. How are these mice most often used in research?
B) To determine the role of proteins coded for by those genes that are knocked out.
The proteome is all the proteins produced by an organism. The genome is the totality of all genes of an organism. If the proteome is much larger than the genome, which of the following statements would be accurate?
C) At least in some cases, a single gene must code for more than one protein.
Which of the following is NOT synthesized from a DNA template?
B) Amino acids
In the process of transcription, _____.
B) RNA is synthesized.
In the first step of their experiments, Jacob and Monod treated E. Coli cells with ultraviolet light or X-rays to _____.
C) Increase the frequency of mutations in all genes.
All three domains (Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya) follow the same genetic code. Therefore, which of the following statements would most likely be correct?
D) The genetic code evolved before the different domains diverged.
Genotypes is to _____ as phenotype is to _____.
A) DNA base sequence; physical traits that are products of the proteins produced.
Which of the following is an exception to the central dogma?
A) The discovery of RNA viruses that synthesize DNA using reverse transcriptase.
The statement “DNA -> RNA -> Proteins” ______.
A) Is known as the central dogma.
HIV, the causative agent of AIDS, is a retrovirus. A retrovirus ______
C) Uses reverse transcriptase to make DNA from RNA.
How does the sample of primary and secondary structure of DNA hold the information needed to code for the many features of multicellular organisms?
B) The base sequence of DNA carries the information needed to code for proteins
What does it mean when we say the genetic code is redundant?
D) More than one codon can specify the addition of the same amino acid.
The genetic code is essentially the same for all organisms. From this, one can logically assume which of the following?
A) A gene from an organism can theoretically be expressed by any ogther organism.
Codons are part of the molecular structure of ______
B) mRNA
(genetic code tabel)
What amino acid sequence will be generated, based on the following mRNA codon sequence?
5’ AUG-UCU-UCG-UUA-UCC-UUG 3’
D) met-ser-ser-leu-ser-leu
The mutation resulting in sickle cell disease changes one base pair of DNA so that a codon now codes for a different amino acid, making it an example of a _______
D) missense mutation.
A mutation that results in premature termination of translation ________
B) is a nonsense mutation.
Why might a point mutation in DNA make a difference in the level of a protein’s activity?
D) It might substitute a different amino acid in the active site.
Which of the following types of mutation, resulting in an error in the mRNA just after the AUG start of translation, is likley to have the most serious effect on the polypeptide product?
B) A deletion of two nucleotides.
A nonsense mutation in a gene _______
C) introduces a premature stop codon into the mRNA.
Which of the following mutations is likely to cause the most dramatic phenotypic change?
D) A single nucleotide deletion in an exon coding for an active site.
A frameshift mutation could result from ______
E) either an insertion or a deleteion of a base.
