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U.S. History 102 > Ch 16-17 Test > Flashcards

Ch 16-17 Test Flashcards

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1
Q

Revisionism

A

Authors writing history books will try and tell both sides of the story due to the lack of this in the past.

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2
Q

Californios

A

Hispanic ranchers in California; been settled in the west and Southwest since the 1600s; There way of life was challenged after the American settlers arrived in their territories; They were pushed out, turning the social hierarchy upside down

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3
Q

Juan Cortina

A

a Hispanic man from Texas who stood up to American control; he became an outlaw because of this; Cortina shot a sheriff after witnessing the sheriff Pistol Whip a man in the street.

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4
Q

Chinese Migration

A

Had an enormous impact on the transcontinental railroad; they built a substantial portion of this railroad; This Mass Migration occurred because of the Gold Rush and the Transcontinental Railroad providing a surplus of job opportunities.

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5
Q

Transcontinental Railroad

A

spanned all across the united states, composed of two parts

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6
Q

Central Pacific Railroad

A

Built with a lot of Irish labor; Sacramento to Utah

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7
Q

Union Pacific Railroad

A

Nebraska to Utah

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8
Q

Chinese Exclusion Act 1882

A

Immigration restriction on Chinese peoples; When the U.S. needed labor the Chinese Immigrants were welcome, but when there were too many, they saw them as competition because of their leniency with wages (working cheap).

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9
Q

China Towns

A

Developed after they were no longer welcome in the U.S., so they formed groups of their own ethnicity to settle down with in order to have a safe space at home.

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10
Q

Ghetto

A

ethnic area within a city

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11
Q

Homestead Act

A

The head of household got 160 acres of land if they lived on it for 5 years and made improvements (such as building a barn, a house, or farming)

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12
Q

Timber Culture Act

A

If you plant 40 acres, you will get another free 160 acres from the govt

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13
Q

Timber and Stone Act

A

If you piled up rocks on your land you would gain more land from the govt

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14
Q

Dual Labor Systems in the West

A

Racial Stratification- If you were at the bottom of the social hierarchy, you have the worst jobs

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15
Q

boomtown

A

a town that grows fast due to mining deposits or railroad development

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16
Q

Comstock Lode

A

Huge deposit of silver in Nevada

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17
Q

Rise of the Cattle Kingdom

A

The East had a big decrease in cattle resources due to the soldiers eating heavily; the demand for beef skyrocketed; The railroad provided fast transportation for beef to be taken to the East; The south got lots of money for sending cattle to the East

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18
Q

Open Range Cattle

A

Cattle had no boundaries, they were branded to keep track of them. Since the federal government was the only one owning surrounding lands, they had no neighbors to worry about

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19
Q

African American Cowboys

A

After the war, many African American men had no other option other than to be a cowboy.

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20
Q

Range Wars

A

Between Homesteaders and Ranchers; Fought about who can graze cattle on open range land, also fought about fences and property ownership

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21
Q

Women advanced politically in the West

A

Typically, women were just as important to the success of the ranch and farm as men were

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22
Q

Rocky Mountain School

A

as they expanded into the west, you had people who wanted to capture the beauty of it (the Rocky Mountains, Yosemite, and other natural aspects of the West) and this Artistic School made that their goal.

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23
Q

Fredric Remington-

A

Artist and Sculptor of the West

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24
Q

Turner Thesis

A

The idea that the frontier is what shaped American character; Americans are individualists, self-motivated, and industrious, Turner thinks this is because of the Frontier way of life

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25
Q

Concentration Policy

A

Idea of putting Natives into one spot, or many tiny spots

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26
Q

Buffalo Creek Massacre

A

1863, Fort Line, Colorado, A group of Native Americans (Young and Old men as well as women and children) came to the fort to trade with a group of settlers: They were told to camp on Sand Creek while waiting on the Colonel; They were massacred while peacefully waiting

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27
Q

Little Bighorn Battle

A

1877, Little Bighorn, Montana; Cheyanne and Su forces under Crazy horse and silly bull wipe out George Custard and his Platoon, which furthers stereotypes against Natives.

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28
Q

Chief Joseph

A

Chief of the Nez Perce Tribe recognized his tribe needed more resources, so they left the reservation to hunt for buffalo and head to Canada to escape the American Settlers. He was caught due to our government pursuing him. He surrendered to get his people food

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29
Q

Geronimo

A

Apache leader who defended his tribe against the Americans, he attempted to save their land. He surrendered in 1886 due to no more options

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30
Q

Ghost Dance

A

Geronimo, after being spiritually awoken by his ancestors, attempted to resurrect his ancestors to destroy the new settlers; The U.S.

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31
Q

Dawes Act

A

Passed in 1886 and divided up reservation land by individual and household to make Native Americans into farmers.

32
Q

Assimilation

A

Trying to force people into your culture; Ex. The US sending Native children to boarding schools to whitewash them as much as possible; took their language, cut their hair, and converted them to Christianity

33
Q

Joseph Glidden

A

invented barbed wire

34
Q

Decline of Ranch Lifestyle

A

Reasons: Drought, overgrazing, bad weather

35
Q

Wounded Knee

A

Massacre of the Su Tribe- over 400 Su Tribe killed- 1890

36
Q

Problems of farming the plains

A

Isolation, drought, overproduction

37
Q

Patrons of Husbandry

A

because of these problems, a farmers organization started in 1887

38
Q

Industrialization

A

the process of industrialization that was kickstarted by the Civil War

39
Q

Bessemer Process

A

process of using air to remove impurities in steel, making it cheaper and easier to produce

40
Q

Edwin Drake

A

Guy who drilled the first oil well in Pennsylvania, US

41
Q

Henry Ford

A

made the first mass produced car

42
Q

Education and Industry Partnership

A

colleges started doing research that aided industrialization; in turn Industries funded the Universities for their research

43
Q

Scientific Management

A

idea of time-motion studies (the best way to get it done)

44
Q

Assembly Line

A

product moves while workers say in the same position/ allowed companies to mass produce

45
Q

Expansion of Railroads

A

transport of goods and raw materials; provided a way to transport out of your region and across the county; allowed the railroad business and industrialization to excel.

46
Q

Rise of Corporations

A

Instead of many local businesses, there were big businesses that owned multiple businesses. This was possible because of the rise of the stock industry, allowing people to own a small share of a company, funding many locations.

47
Q

Limited Liability

A

the most you can lose in stock is as much as you invested in it, removed the loss of partnership that allowed you to pay for your partner’s debts.

48
Q

Vertical Integration

A

by Andrew Carnegie- when you own all the steps in production

49
Q

Horizontal Integration

A

by John D. Rockefeller- Where you buy out your competition

50
Q

Robber Baron

A

a business tycoon who makes his money with unscrupulous tactics

51
Q

Middle Management

A

The idea of professional managers that are in between the owner and the worker

52
Q

Trust

A

A business organization that developed where people who owned stock would lend control of it to a third party; the third party (trustee) could vote it, use it, and gain a percentage of the profit; Anti-trust laws help to prevent monopolies

53
Q

Holding Company

A

company that owns all kinds of different cooperations

54
Q

Myth of the Self Made Man

A

The idea that anyone can become a millionaire with pure work ethic

55
Q

Social Darwinism

A

Survival of the fittest; Herbert Spencer applied Darwin’s natural selection theory to human society

56
Q

Gospel of Wealth

A

Andrew Carnegie’s idea that the wealthy have a responsibility to help people; Donated his life of wealth to libraries and universities so that those who desire to better themselves have the opportunity to do it

57
Q

Russel Conwell

A

Acres of Diamonds- Baptist teacher that gave his speech, Acre of Diamonds, thousands of times. He made a profit from this. He coached them on wealth and how to get it and told his fans that they should strive for wealth

58
Q

Reformers

A

Lester Frank Ward wrote Dynamic Sociology, was a socialist that believed the government should take a more active role in the life of citizens

59
Q

Henry George

A

Progress and Poverty- Socialist believed that the land should be taxed since the rich are not using it

60
Q

Edward Bellamy

A

Socialist- Authored the book Looking Backward- The main character fell asleep in 1887 and woke up in 2000, and In this world, everything was mostly taken care of by the government with a small amount of money

61
Q

Gilded Age

A

1870-1900s where everything looked good from the outside, but there were major problems inside. While the idea of the govt system sounded great on paper, there were certain aspects that negatively affected the U.S. by furthering the Class System

62
Q

Changes in Immigration

A

New immigration- consisted of people from all different parts of Eastern Europe- when people noticed changes in culture, customs, and societal norms they were unwelcoming of their new guests

63
Q

Old Western Europe

A

Immigration to the United States from Western European countries.

64
Q

Labor Contract Law

A

paid for passage and then took wages out- close to slavery to help immigrants cross over and work to repay their debt

65
Q

Typical Work Day

A

12 hours, 6 days a week, no safety equipment, no safety net programs; only making 400-500 per year

66
Q

Child Labor

A

necessity for families to survive

67
Q

Women

A

worked longer hours, but got paid less

68
Q

Rise of Union

A

organized groups of workers that stood up to organizations in bulk to get fair wages, hours, and safety protocols.

69
Q

Knights of Labor

A

Unskilled- Political

70
Q

Molly Maguire

A

coal mining union in Ireland; A Militant like corporation; Unfair treatment of employees, threats, and even reports of employees dying on the job.

71
Q

AFL

A

Work focused on work issues, wages, hours, and conditions; Started by Samuel Gopher in 1886

72
Q

Great Railroad Strike 1877

A

Started when two Unions went on strike, leading to hundreds of railroad unions striking in support of them. This stopped railroad transportation and mail; Railroad tracks and trains were ruined; The army had to be sent in to end this strike. People were murdered in these riots.

73
Q

Haymarket Riot 1886

A

May 1st, Socialist Workers Day; Speech in Chicago to support communism; Police observed as a precaution. Someone chunked a bomb at the police force, and they killed them. Chaos ensues, and then they arrest the workers at the protest to figure out who threw it

74
Q

Homestead Strike

A

1892- Steel Plant that was Unionized, but Andrew Carnegie cut wages to break up their union. The workers set fire to gasoline at the homestead, and the workers won the fight. The national guard came and removed those who were violently striking against the Plant.

75
Q

Pullman Strike 1894

A

Pullman invented sleeping cars; He builds houses for his workers so he can cut their wages but not the rent they had to pay. This strike led multiple unions to start fighting back. They refused to hitch or unhitch a Pullman car in protest. The government put an end to the strike because of the inability to get the mail going.

U.S. History 102 (1 decks)

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