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Med Sci > Ch 15 Vocab > Flashcards

Ch 15 Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Acquired immune deficiency disorder (AIDS)

A

A disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which attacks the immune system destroying the body’s ability to fight infections.

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2
Q

Aerobic

A

Requiring oxygen to live and grow.

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3
Q

Anaerobic

A

Not requiring oxygen to live and grow; able to thrive in the absence of oxygen.

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4
Q

Airborne Precautions

A

Methods of infection control that must be used for patients known or suspected to be infected with pathogens transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei.

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5
Q

Antisepsis

A

Aseptic control that inhibits, retards growth of, or kills pathogenic organisms; not effective against spores and viruses.

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6
Q

Asepsis

A

Being free from infection.

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7
Q

Autoclave

A

Piece of equipment used to sterilize articles by way of steam under pressure and/or dry heat.

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8
Q

Bacteria

A

One-celled microorganisms, some of which are beneficial and some of which cause disease.

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9
Q

Bioterrorism

A

The use of biological agents, such as pathogens, for terrorist purposes.

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10
Q

Cavitation

A

The cleaning process employed in an ultrasonic unit; bubbles explode to drive cleaning solution onto article being cleaned.

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11
Q

Chain of infection

A

Factors that lead to the transmission or spread of disease.

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12
Q

Chemical disinfection

A

Chemicals used for aseptic control.

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13
Q

Clean

A

Free from organisms causing disease.

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14
Q

Communicable disease

A

Disease that is transmitted from one individual to another.

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15
Q

Contact precautions

A

Methods of infection control that must be used for patients known or suspected to be infected with epidemiological microorganisms that can be transmitted by either direct or indirect contact.

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16
Q

Contaminated

A

Containing infection or infectious organisms or germs.

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17
Q

Disinfection

A

Aseptic-control method that destroys pathogens but does not usually kill spores and viruses.

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18
Q

Droplet precautions

A

Methods of infection control that must be used for patients known or suspected to be infected with pathogens transmitted by large particle droplets expelled during coughing, sneezing, talking, or laughing.

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19
Q

Ebola

A

A filovirus that causes hemorrhagic fever disease.

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20
Q

Endogenous

A

Infection or disease originating within the body.

21
Q

Epidemic

A

An infectious disease that affects a large number of people within a population, community, or region at the same time.

22
Q

Exogenous

A

Infection or disease originating outside of or external to the body.

23
Q

Fomites

A

Substances or objects that adheres to and transmits infectious material.

24
Q

Fungi

A

Group of simple, plantlike animals that live on dead organic matter (for example, yeast and molds).

25
Q

Healthcare-associated infection (HAI)

A

An infection acquired by an individual in a health care facility such as a hospital or long-term care facility.

26
Q

Helminths

A

A parasitic worm (for example, a tapeworm or leech).

27
Q

Hepatitis B

A

A virus caused by the HBV virus and is transmitted by blood, serum, and other body secretions; affects the liver and can lead to the destruction and scarring of liver cells; also called serum hepatitis.

28
Q

Hepatitis C

A

A virus caused by the hepatitis C virus, or HCV; transmitted by blood and blood-containing body fluids; any individuals who contract the disease are asymptomatic; others have mild symptoms that are often diagnosed as influenza or flu; can cause serious liver damage that may result in death.

29
Q

Infectious agent

A

A pathogen, such as a bacterium or virus that can cause a disease.

30
Q

Microorganism

A

Small, living plant or animal not visible to the naked eye; a microbe.

31
Q

Mode of transmission

A

A way that the infectious agent can be transmitted to another reservoir or host where it can live.

32
Q

Nonpathogens

A

Microorganisms that are not capable of causing disease.

33
Q

Pandemic

A

A pandemic is when a new disease or new strain of an existing disease spreads worldwide.

34
Q

Parasite

A

Organism that lives on or within another living organism.

35
Q

Pathogens

A

Disease-producing organisms.

36
Q

Personal protective equipment (PPE)

A

Protective barriers such as a mask, gown, gloves, and protective eyewear that help protect a person from contact with infectious material.

37
Q

Portal of entry

A

A way for the infectious agent to enter a new reservoir or host.

38
Q

Portal of exit

A

A way for the infectious agent to escape from the reservoir in which it has been growing.

39
Q

Protozoa

A

Microscopic, one-celled animals often found in decayed materials and contaminated water.

40
Q

Reservoir

A

An area where the infectious agent can live.

41
Q

Rickettsiae

A

Parasitic microorganisms that live on other living organisms.

42
Q

Standard precautions

A

Recommendations that must be followed to prevent transmission of pathogenic organisms by way of blood and body fluids.

43
Q

Sterile

A

Free of all organisms, including spores and viruses.

44
Q

Sterile field

A

An area that is set up for certain procedures and is free from all organisms.

45
Q

Sterilization

A

Process that results in total destruction of all microorganisms; also, surgical procedure that prevents conception of a child.

46
Q

Susceptible host

A

A person likely to get an infection or disease, usually because body defenses are weak.

47
Q

Transmission-based precautions

A

Methods or techniques of caring for patients who have communicable diseases.

48
Q

Ultrasonic units

A

Pieces of equipment that clean using sound waves.

49
Q

Viruses

A

A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism.

Med Sci (3 decks)

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