Ch 15 Hume (PHL 101)

Question 1

chapter begins with

Answer 1

Kant

Question 2

lived in age of

Answer 2

enlightenment

“think for yourself”

Question 3

imitates ___

method___

Answer 3

newton

do not frame hypothesis

Question 4

Don’t begin with a principle of ___unless it comes from ___facts

Answer 4

expiation

sensible

Question 5

arbitrary

Answer 5

determined by chance rather than reason

false

Question 6

project

Answer 6

to do a science of human nature to determine what reason is and is not capable of

Question 7

3 ideas

Answer 7

cause
self
god

Question 8

superstition

Answer 8

religious beliefs

Question 9

our minds are full of

Answer 9

perceptions

all contents of the mind

Question 10

perceptions

Answer 10

• impression often occurs first through sensible experience (looking at someone)
• idea: often happens second as a memory of an impression (thinking about them)

Question 11

2 ways for ideas to relate to impression

Answer 11

• antartica way: my idea has no impression but I still believe the idea is real
• unicorn way: my idea has no impression there is no known impression so it’s arbitrary (3 ideas)

Question 12

test

Answer 12

trace your idea back to an impression. if you can, the idea is rational, if you can’t the idea is arbitrary

Question 13

rational

Answer 13

result of ones reason (using brain)

Question 14

irrational

Answer 14

goes against reason

Question 15

nonrational

Answer 15

not the result of reason (3 ideas)

Question 16

billiard ball example

Answer 16

show how causation is a result of habit and past experience

Question 17

there is no ___ to back up our idea of ___

Answer 17

impression

cause

Question 18

Hume is not saying to give up

Answer 18

cause

Question 19

constant conjunction

Answer 19

always happen to be together (just so happen to occur together *hume’s pick)

Question 20

necessary connection

Answer 20

must occur together
can’t not be together
we make this up

Question 21

we form a __ of ____ ____ events to continue occurring together

Answer 21

habit

constantly conjoined

Question 22

when we say “x causes y” we mean

Answer 22

• if x occurs y must occur
• x produces y
• x has power to produce y

these assume a necessary connection between x and y so Hume rejects it

Question 23

Hume’s definition of cause

Answer 23

one event followed by another

Question 24

popular definition of self

Answer 24

the part of me that remains the same through time [my Brittany-ness]

Question 25

Hume rejects the popular definition of self because we lack an ___ of ourselves that remains the same

Answer 25

impression

Question 26

he looks for ___ but cannot find ____

Answer 26

himself | himself

Question 27

movie theatre

Answer 27

self is a movie playing on the scree, everything else fades away

Question 28

Hume's definition of self

Answer 28

a bundle of successive perceptions (behaviors)

Question 29

cause, soul, and God are ___

Answer 29

nonrational

Question 30

his ___keep interrupting him while he was trying to find himself

Answer 30

perceptions

Question 31

theatre analogy

Answer 31

he compares the self to a person watching his life story on the screen. I am the performance of the play

Question 32

argument form design

Answer 32

we know watchmakers exist because of their products (watches) therefore we know God exists because of his product (the world)

Question 33

Hume rejects argument from design because

Answer 33

we can observe a watchmaker making a watch, but we cannot observe God making the world

Question 34

Hume believes that ___ cannot motivate us to ___behavior.

Answer 34

reason | moral

Question 35

passion vs. reason

Answer 35

passion will always win

Question 36

we are motivated to action by a ___ ___

Answer 36

want | lack

Question 37

our ___ decide which behavior to engage in, and out ___tells us the best way to accomplish our goal

Answer 37

passions | reason

Question 38

antecedent skeptic

Answer 38

doubtful before any beliefs are adopted Descartes Hume rejects, too much skepticism

Question 39

mitigates skepticism

Answer 39

uses modesty and caution to determine the limits of human reason. (Hume) says right amount of skepticism

Question 40

___ comes before _____

Answer 40

habit | reason