Ch. 15 Eyes

Question 1

The protective layer on the outside of the eye.

Answer 1

Cornea

Question 2

The lacrimal apparatus irrigates the eye by producing _______?

Answer 2

Tears

Question 3

Innervates the lateral rectus muscle, which abducts the eye.

Answer 3

Cranial Nerve VI: abducens nerve

Question 4

Innervates superior oblique muscle.

Answer 4

Cranial Nerve IV: trochlear nerve

Question 5

Innervates all the rest: the superior, inferior, and medial rectus and the inferior oblique muscles.

Answer 5

Cranial Nerve III: oculomotor nerve

Question 6

Conjugate movement

Answer 6

When the eyes move together.

Question 7

Tests the 6 cardinal positions of gaze for muscle weakness during movement, nystagmus, or lid lag.

Answer 7

Diagnostic positions test.

Question 8

Uncontrolled movements of the eye.

Answer 8

nystagmus

Question 9

Three concentric coats

Answer 9

Outer coat – sclera & cornea
Middle coat – choroid, pupil, lens, and the anterior & posterior chamber
Inner coat - retina

Question 10

Tough, protective, white covering.

Answer 10

Sclera

Question 11

Part of refracting media of eye, bending incoming light rays so that they will be focused on inner retina

Answer 11

Cornea

Question 12

Contact with a wisp of cotton stimulates a blink in both eyes.

Answer 12

Corneal Reflex

Question 13

Carries afferent (inward) sensation into the brain.

Answer 13

Cranial Nerve V: Trigeminal

Question 14

Carries efferent (outward) messages that stimulate blinking.

Answer 14

Cranial Nerve VII: Facial

Question 15

Prevents light from reflecting internally and delivers blood to the retina.

Answer 15

Choroid

Question 16

The diaphragm of the eye.

Answer 16

Iris

Question 17

Dim light and far vision

Answer 17

Pupil dilates

Question 18

Bright light and near vision

Answer 18

Pupil contracts

Question 19

Sclera & Cornea

Answer 19

Outer coat

Question 20

choroid, pupil, lens, and the anterior & posterior chamber

Answer 20

Middle coat

Question 21

Retina

Answer 21

Inner coat

Question 22

round and regular; size determined by balance between parasympathetic and sympathetic chains of autonomic nervous system

Answer 22

Pupil

Question 23

Which cranial nerve causes contriction?

Answer 23

Cranial Nerve III: Oculomotor

Question 24

Pupils dilate, increased HR, relaxed bladder, decreased peristalsis

Answer 24

Sympathetic nervous system response

Question 25

Pupils constricted, decreased HR, bladder constricted, peristalsis normalized

Answer 25

Parasympathetic nervous system response

Question 26

Biconvex disc located just posterior to the pupil

Answer 26

Lens

Question 27

Clear, watery liquid in the eye

Answer 27

aqueous humor

Question 28

The visual receptive layer of eye where lightwaves change into nerve impulses.

Answer 28

Retina

Question 29

Can be viewed through the ophthalmoscope.

Answer 29

optic disc, retinal vessels, general background, macula.

Question 30

The area in which fibers from retina converge to form optic nerve.

Answer 30

Optic Disc

Question 31

Located on the temporal side of fundus

Answer 31

Macula

Question 32

How does the retina see an image?

Answer 32

upside down and reversed.

Question 33

A reflex direction of eye toward an object attracting a person's attention.

Answer 33

Fixation

Question 34

Normal constriction of pupils when bright light shines on the retina. It is a subcortical reflex arc. No conscious control.

Answer 34

Pupillary light reflex

Question 35

Adaption of the eye for near vision.

Answer 35

Accommodation

Question 36

Macula is absent at birth but matures by _____ months.

Answer 36

8

Question 37

Consistency of the eye changes from:

Answer 37

soft plastic at birth to rigid glass in old age.

Question 38

Eyes can move together

Answer 38

Binocularity

Question 39

Lens loses elasticity, becoming hard and glasslike, decreasing the ability to change shape to accommodate near vision.

Answer 39

Presbyopia

Question 40

Opacity of the lens, resulting from a clumping of proteins in the lens.

Answer 40

Cataracts

Question 41

Increased intraocular pressure. Creates tunnel vision.

Answer 41

Glaucoma

Question 42

The most common type of glaucoma

Answer 42

open-angle glaucoma

Question 43

Breakdown of cells in macula of retina. Loss of central vision.

Answer 43

Age-related macular degeneration.

Question 44

Leading cause of blindness in adults ages 25-75.

Answer 44

Diabetic retinopathy

Question 45

Risk Factors for Glaucoma

Answer 45

older age, black or hispanic heritage, DM, FHx of glaucoma. Additional r/f smoking, hyperopia, light iris color, HTN, hypercholesterolemia, female gender.

Question 46

Considered a medical emergency

Answer 46

retinal detachment

Question 47

Used to measure visual acuity

Answer 47

Snellen eye chart

Question 48

Legally blind

Answer 48

20/200

Question 49

Also known as the Hirschberg test

Answer 49

Corneal Light reflex reflection of the light should be on the same spot in each eye.

Question 50

In infants, permanent iris color is differentiated by:

Answer 50

6-9 months

Question 51

A localized staph infection

Answer 51

Hordeolum (stye)