Ch 15 Denal implants Flashcards
What are the majority of implants and What are they based on the principle of
Endosseous implants
osseointegration
Custom-made cast framework that is placed beneath the periosteum over the alveolar bone, can be used In either maxilla or mandible
Subperiosteal implant
This type of frame work rests on the jawbone and the post provide anchorage for a denture or fixed prosthesis
Subperiosteal implant
This type of implant pass through the mandible in an apico-coronal direction
Transosteal implant
This implant protrude through the gingival tissues into the mouth for prosthesis anchorage. A stabilization plate is placed along the inferior border of the mandible
Transosteal implant
This implant is limited to the mandible
Transosteal Implant
What implant come in a variety of different shapes, are placed within bone, They are broadly divided into blade and root form types?
Endosseous implants
Which type of endosseous implants are no longer used today bec it had a high incidence of complications and failure
Blade implants
What type of endosseous implants provide osseous anchorage through the formation of a lattice between the implant surface and bone, these implants are used for replacing missing teeth in pts who are partially and totally endentulous
Root-form endosseous implants
The most common type of implant seen in dental practice is what?
Root-form endosseous implants
What term was defined as a direct implant- to bone union without any intervening soft connective tissue
Osseointegration
Implant integration for osseointegration depend on what?
- Biomaterials and biocompatibility
- Implant design (length, diameter, shape, surface)
- Bone factors
- surgical factors
- loading consideration
Defined as allowing “close contact of living cells at its surface, which does not contain leachables (molecules that separate off the surface) that produce imflammation and which does not prevent growth and division of cells in culture”
Biocompatiblity
Biocompatibile materials are called what?
Biomaterials
What metal is highly reactive yet biocompatible and metal of choice in osseointegration
Titanium
What metal is unique in that an oxide layer prevents corrosion on the surface, enabling tissue integration to occur?
Titanium
What metal is light weight and has enough strength to withstand occlusal forces
Titanium
Majority of endosseous implants used today are what kind of shape
Cylindrical with a threaded surface design
Almost all implants are solid, but hollow implants are available with what?
No threads
Term loading means what?
The placement of restorations on the implants
What determines the stability of the implants
Quality of the bone
The volume density of cortical bone is 3 to 4 times that of which type of bone
Cancellous
The shape of bone is dependent on several factors
- ) Any history of trauma or infection
- ) length of time since tooth loss occurred
- ) loading by removable prostheses
- ) systemic conditions such as smoking can influence the quality of bone
Both of what must ne considered when planning for implants therapy
Shape and quality
Whats immediate loading
Placement of restoration at the time of the implant surgery
Inications for implant therapy
- Pts with a strong gag reflex to eliminate palatal coverage by removable prostheses
- Long span bridges
- Free-end removable partial dentures
- Alternative to periodontally compromised teeth for bridge abutments
- Hopeless periodonatlly or endodontically involved teeth
- Orthodontic anchorage
Therapy with bisphosphonates increase the risk of what?
Jaw osteonecrosis
Pts receiving anticoagulant therapy are at risk for what?
Hemorrhage during surgical procedures
Smoking increases the risk of what?
Peri-implantitis and failure
What is made up of 2mm long junctional epithelium and a 1mm zone of connective tissue
Implant biologic width
It exists between the junctional epithelium on the implant abutment and the bone?
Connective tissue zone
The abutment screw connects the implant abutment to the?
Implant fixture
The clinical success of implants therapy is assessed by what?
- Radiographic imaging
- Evaluating implant mobility
- Observing the surrounding soft tissue
Healing for implants is what
3 to 6 months
The ideal location and angulation of the implant should be consistent with what?
Planned prosthetic suprastructures (restorations)
The submerged protocol requires two surgical procedures before restorations can be placed on the implants, what are they
- 1st places the implant fixture within the bone
- 2nd 3 to 6 month later to uncover the implant
Nonsubmerged protocol is only 1 surgery
After the implant placement, the tissues are closed arounf either the transmucosal portion of the implant or the implant or the healing abutment
What is jumping distance?
Immediate placement of implants into extraction sockets leaves a gap between the implant and the socket wall
Healthy implants are?
osseointegrated and do not exhibit mobility
During probing you should do what?
use of plastic probe
avoiding probing during the first 3 months
What kind of x-rays are took??
Periapical and panoramic are used to assess bone level for implant sites
The criteria for implant success includes bone loss not exceeding
0.2 mm annually after the 1st year
Radiographic follow-up is recommended at
6, 12, and 36 month, then every 2 to 3 years there after
What is a term for inflammatory reactions in the tissues surrounding an implant
Peri-implant disease
What is a reversible inflammatory reaction in the soft tissue surrounding an implant
Peri-implant mucositis
What is inflammatory reactions that affect soft and hard tissues around the implant, leading to the loss of supporting bone
Peri-implantitits
If this is left untreated, ultimately progress to implant failure
Peri-implantitis
Peri-implantitis is characterized by what?
Increasing probe depths
Bleeding and bone loss
This refers to an implant that has lost osseointegration and is no longer an effective prosthetic anchor
Failing implant
What is the primary microbial etiologic factor in peri-implantitis
Plaque biofilm
The progression of inflammatory disease around implants appears to be more rapid than around
Natural teeth
Implants lack connective tissue fiber insertion, what are the attachment mechanism involve?
Basal lamina and hemidesmosomes of epithelium
Tx for peri-implantitis include
- combination of local or systemic antimicrobial therapy
- Removal of plaque biofilm and calculus
- Implant surface decontamination
- Regeneration of defects
