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Chem ch. 15 & 16 test > Ch. 15 & 16 test > Flashcards

Ch. 15 & 16 test Flashcards

1
Q

chemical equilibrium

A

occurs when a reaction and its reverse reaction proceed at the same rate.

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2
Q

Kc

A

= (concentration of products) / (concentration of reactants)

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3
Q

Kp

A

= (pressure of products)/
(pressure of reactants )

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4
Q

the equilibrium constant depends on…

A

stoichiometry

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5
Q

Kp=

A

Kc(RT)^Δn

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6
Q

Δn

A

=(moles of gaseous product)-(moles of gaseous reactants)

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7
Q

If K»1

A

reaction favors products

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8
Q

If K«1

A

the reaction favors reactants

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9
Q

homogenous equilibria

A

occurs when all reactants and products are in the same place

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10
Q

heterogeneous equilibria

A

occur when a component in the equilibrium is in a different phase.

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11
Q

Q<K

A

nature will make the reaction proceed to products (right)

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12
Q

Q=K

A

reaction is in equilibrium

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13
Q

Q>K

A

nature will make the reaction proceed to reactants (left)

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14
Q

add more reactants

A

shift tor products

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15
Q

remove reactants

A

shift to reactants

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16
Q

add more product

A

shift to reactants

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17
Q

remove products

A

shift to products

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18
Q

Higher volume or lower pressure favors the side of the equation with

A

more moles

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19
Q

Lower volume or high pressure favors the side of the equation with

A

less moles

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20
Q

Endothermic

A

heat acts like a reactant; adding heat drives a reaction towards products. K increases

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21
Q

Exothermic

A

heat acts like a product; adding heat drives a reaction toward reactants. K decreases.

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22
Q

Catalyst

A

has no effect on the system at equilibrium it just helps you get their faster. Lowers activation energy.

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23
Q

inert substance non reactive

A

will not affect the equilibrium state

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24
Q

inert substance reactive

A

will shift

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25
Arrhenius acid rule
is a substance that when dissolved in water increases the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+)
26
Arrhenius base rule
is a substance that, when dissolved in water, increases the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-)
27
Bronsted-lowry acid
is a proton donor, must have at least one removable proton
28
Bronsted-lowry base
proton acceptor, must have at least one nonbonding pair of electrons
29
Lewis acid
electron pair acceptor
30
Lewis base
electron pair donor
31
conjugate acid-base pair
an acid and a base that differ by H+
32
the stronger the acid
the weaker the conjugate base
33
the weaker the acid
the stronger the conjugate base
34
the stronger the base
the weaker the conjugate acid
35
the weaker the acid
the stronger the conjugate base
36
water in the presence of acid
it acts like a base
37
water in the presence of base
it acts as an acid
38
equilibrium expression for auto-ionization is
Kc=[H3O+][OH-]
39
if an aqueous solution is neutral
[H+]=[OH-]
40
if an aqueous solution is acidic
[H+]>[OH-]
41
if an aqueous solution is basic
[H+]<[OH-]
42
strong acids
HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, H2SO4, HCl3, and HClO4. exist totally as ions in aqueous solutions
43
strong bases
soluble hydroxides, which are alkali metal and heavier alkaline earth metal hydroxides.
44
weak acids
only partially dissociate to ions [H+]eq=[HA]init
45
strong acids
completely dissociate to ions [H+]eq<[HA]init
46
Percent ionization=
(concentration of equilibrium)/ (Concentration of initial) x100
47
polyprotic acid
have more than one acidic proton
48
Kw=
KaxKb
49
cation can be
acidic or neutral
50
anion can be
acidic, basic, or neutral
51
Anions of strong acids
are neutral
52
Anions of weak acids
are conjugate bases
53
Protonated anions when Ka>Kb
acidic
54
Protonated anions when Ka
basic
55
if the salt contains an anion and cation that do not react with water
the pH is neutral
56
if the salt contains an anion that reacts with water and a cation that does not
the pH is basic
57
If the salt contains a cation that reacts with water and an anion that does not
the pH is acidic
58
if the salt contains both an anion and a cation that react with water
the larger K values determines pH
59
Factors that affect acid strength
Bond polarity bond strength stability of the conjugate acid
60
Binary acids
consist of H and one other element
61
oxyacids
consist of H,O, and one other element which is a nonmetal
62
as the oxidation number increases
the acidity increases
63
carboxylic acid
are organic acids containing the -COOH group

Chem ch. 15 & 16 test (3 decks)

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