Ch 15 Flashcards
The study of how the immediate social context as well as broader cultural environments influence people’s thoughts, feelings, and actions.
Social psychology
A tendency to assume that a new and familiar person has the same traits as another, known person whom he or she resembles in some way.
Transference
The tendency to overestimate the extent to which other people’s beliefs and attitudes are similar to our own.
False consensus
A series of strategies that people use to influence the impressions that others form of them.
Impression management
Assignment of a casual explanation for an event, action, or outcome.
Attribution
The tendency to assume that people’s actions are more the result of their internal dispositions than of the situational context.
Fundamental attribution error
The attributions people make for their own behaviors or outcomes: We tend to make dispositional attributions for positive events but situational attributions for negative events.
Self-serving attributions
People’s inability to accurately predict the emotional reactions they will have to events.
Affective forecasting errors
An orientation toward some target stimulus that is composed of an affective feeling, a cognitive belief, and a behavioral motivation toward the target.
Attitude
An automatically activated evaluation of a stimulus ranging from positive to negative.
Implicit attitudes
The consciously reported evaluation a person has in response to a target stimulus.
Explicit attitudes
A theory of persuasion contending that attitudes can change by two different routes: a central route that focuses on the strength of the argument and a peripheral route that is sensitive to more superficial cues.
Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM)
A sense of conflict between people’s attitudes and actions that motivates efforts to restore cognitive consistency.
Cognitive dissonance
The patterns of behavior, traditions, and preferences that are tacitly sanctioned by a given culture or subculture.
Social norms
The process by which people implicity mimic, adopt, or internalize the behaviors and preferences of those around them.
Conformity
Pressure to conform to others’ actions or beliefs based on a desire to behave correctly or gain an accurate understanding of the world.
Informational social influence
Pressure to conform to others’ actions or beliefs in order to gain approval from others or avoid social sanctions.
Normative social influence
An enhancement of the dominant behavioral response when performing a task in the mere presence of others; easy or well-learned tasks are performed better, but difficult or novel tasks are performed worse.
Social facilitation
The tendency for individuals to expend less effort on a task when they are doing it with others rather than alone
Social loafing
A tendency for people’s attitudes to become more extreme after they discuss an issue with like-minded others.
Group polarization
A form of biased group decision making whereby pressure to achieve consensus leads members of the group to avoid voicing unpopular suggestions.
Groupthink
An integrative framework of the various factors and psychological processes that contribute to an act of aggression.
General aggression model
A phenomenon whereby simple exposure to a gun or weapon can increase aggressive responses by bringing violent thoughts to mind.
Weapons effect
An evolved or adaptive strategy of assisting those who share one’s genes, even at personal cost, as a means of increasing the odds of genetic survival.
Kin selection
