Ch. 14 Stress, Life, and Health Flashcards
Negative effects of stress are most likely to be experienced when ___
___ an event is perceived as threatening, and no clear options for dealing with it are apparent.
Between 2006 and 2009, the greatest increase in stress levels were found to occur amoung ___
___ men, Whites, people aged 45-64, college graduates, and those with full-time employment
During the exhaustion stage of Selye’s General adaption syndrome, ___
___ a person is especially vulnerable to illness
During an encounter judged as stressful, ___
___ cortisol is released by the adrenal glands
Popular scale designed to measure stress; consists of 43 potentially stressful events, each with a numerical value quantifying how much readjustment is associated with the event
Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)
Individuals with depression are at great risk of ___
___ greater risk of heart disease
Type A was conceptiallized as a behavior style characterized by __
___ competitiveness, time urgency, impatience, and anger/hostility
Anger/hostility
Too much of this Type A behavior style can cause heart disease
Psychophysiological disorder that obstructs airways. Development tied to parental and interpersonal conflicts.
Asthma
By believing that an inert substance they breathe will lead to airway obstruction ___
Asthma sufferers can have an asthma attack ___
Asthma is linked to
Hostility is linked to
Biofeedback
stress-reduction technique using electronic equipment to measure a person’s involuntary (neuromuscular and autonomic) activity and provide feedback to help the person gain a level of voluntary control over these processes
Coping
Mental or behavioral efforts used to manage problems relating to stress, including its cause and the unpleasant feelings and emotions
Perceived control
People’s beliefs concerning their capacity to influence and shape outcomes
Lymphocytes
White blood cells that circulate in the body’s fluids
Psychoneuroimmunology
Field that studies how psychological factors influence the immune system and immune functioning
Daily hassles
Minor irritations and annoyances that are part of out everyday lives and capable of causing stress
Job burnout
General sense of emotional exhaustion and cynicism in relation one’s job; consists of three diminsions: exhaustion, depersonalization, and a sense of diminished personal accomplishment
General adaption syndrome
Hans Selye’s 3 stage model of the body’s physiological reactions to stress and the process of stress adaptation
Process of stress adaptation in Selye’s general adaption syndrome
Alarm reaction, stage of resistance, stage of exhaustion
Cortisol
Stress hormone released by the adrenal glands when encountering a stressor
Distress and eustress
Bad form and good form of stress. High versus low to moderate in intensity. Good form provides a boost of energy, as well as optimal health and performance
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis)
Set of structures found in both the lambic system (hypothalamus) and the endocrine system (pituitary gland and adrenal glands) that regulate many of the body’s physiological reactions to stress through the release of hormones
Primary appraisal
Judgement about the degree of potential harm or threat to well-being that a stressor might entail
Secondary appraisal
Judgement of options available to cope with stressor and potential effectiveness
