Ch. 14 Principles of Disease & Epidemiology

Question 1

Pathology

Answer 1

Scientific study of disease

Question 2

Etiology

Answer 2

Cause of disease

Question 3

Pathogenesis

Answer 3

Manner in which a disease develops

Question 4

Infection

Answer 4

microorganisms are present in body

NOT disease

Question 5

Disease

Answer 5

infection caused improper perfromance of normal body functions

Question 6

Normal Microbiota

Answer 6

Permanent microorganisms that DO NOT cause disease

Question 7

Transient Microbiota

Answer 7

Temporary microorganisms that DO NOT cause disease

Question 8

Specific Microorganisms

Answer 8

usually be localized in certain areas of body
outside of specific area causes disease
ie. e.coli - naturally in colon, gets in urinary tract causes infection

Question 9

Competitive Exclusion

Answer 9

2 bacteria can’t grow inthe same place

ie. normal bac. stop harmful bac. from growing

Question 10

Symbiosis

Answer 10

can be Commensal, Mutual, Parasitic

Question 11

Commensalism

Answer 11

One organism benefits, other is unaffected

ie. ear microorganisms

Question 12

Mutualism

Answer 12

Both organisms benefit

ie. E. coli

Question 13

Parasitism

Answer 13

One organism benefits at the expense of the other

ie. Tape worms

Question 14

Opportunistic Microorganisms

Answer 14

Microorganisms that normally don’t cause disease in their normal habitat, but may in a different environment
Organism cooperation - streprococcus bind to teeth and periodontis and gingvitis attach to it, not teeth

Question 15

Koch’s Postulates

Answer 15

1. Specific MO causes specific disease
2. Same pathogen in every case of disease
3. Pathogen grown in pure culture
4. Cultured pathogen inoculated into lab animal
5. Pathogen isolated from animal and be original pathogen

Question 16

Exceptions to Koch’s Postulates

Answer 16

• Some MO can not be cultures
• Some diseases can be cuased by different MO
• Some MO can cause several diseases
• When human only host, who can we perform experiments on?

Question 17

Symptoms

Answer 17

subjective changes in body function FELT by patient

ie. pain, tiredness

Question 18

Signs

Answer 18

Objective changes in a patient’s body function

ie. fever can be measured

Question 19

Syndrome

Answer 19

specific group of signs/symptoms that accompany a disease

Question 20

Communicable Disease

Answer 20

can be transmitted from one person to another

Question 21

Contagious Disease

Answer 21

Can be transmitted EASILY from one person to another

Question 22

Noncommunicable Disease

Answer 22

disease is not transmitted from one person to another

Question 23

Incidence

Answer 23

# of people who have the disease in a certain TIME period
ie. AIDS 2004 new cases 40,000

Question 24

Prevalence

Answer 24

# of people who have the disease - total
ie. AIDS 2004 new & existing 900,000

Question 25

Sporadic

Answer 25

occasional presence

ie. typhiod fever

Question 26

Endemic

Answer 26

constant presence

ie. common cold

Question 27

Epidemic

Answer 27

many people in one area get a disease in a SHORT TIME PERIOD

ie. Flu

Question 28

Pandemic

Answer 28

Many people WORLD WIDE get a disease in a SHORT TIME PERIOD

ie. spanish flu - early 1900s

Question 29

Herd Immunity

Answer 29

What population is immune to

Question 30

Acute Disease

Answer 30

Develops quickly, but lasts only for a short time

ie. flu

Question 31

Chronic Disease

Answer 31

develops slowly, but lasts for a longer time

ie. infectious mononucleosis, tuberculosis

Question 32

Latent Disease

Answer 32

Disease is inactive for long periods of time

ie. shingles

Question 33

Predisposing Factors

Answer 33

Factors that make one more susceptible to disease or alter the course of disease
ie. Gender, genetics, climate, nutrition, stress, age, habits, lifestyle, ect