ch 14 perioperative care Flashcards
This type of surgery is :Removal and study of tissue to make a diagnosis: examples are breast biopsy and biopsy of a skin lesion
Diagnostic Surgery
This type of surgery is :More extensive means to diagnose a problem; usually involves exploration of a body cavity or use of scopes inserted through small incisions (examples are Exploration of abdomen for unexplained pain or an Exploratory laparoscopy)
Exploratory Surgery
This type of surgery is :Removal of a tumor of diseased organ, replacement of defective tissue to restore function, or repair multiple wounds(examples are Cholecystectomy or Total Hip Replacement
Curative or reparative Surgery
This type of surgery is :Relief of symptoms or enhancement of function without cure( examples are Resection of a tumor to relieve pressure and pain
Palliative Surgery
This type of surgery is :Reshape normal body structures to improve appearance or change a physical feature(examples are Rhinoplasty , cleft lip repair, or mammoplasty)
Cosmetic Surgery
This type of surgery is :Removal of tissue that does not yet contain cancer cells, but has a high probability of becoming cancerous in the future (examples are Prophylactic bilateral oophorectomy which is the removal of both ovaries)
Preventive and prophylactic surgery
This type of surgery is :Repair or reconstruct physical deformities and abnormalities caused by traumatic injuries, birth defects, developmental abnormalities, or disease(examples are breast reconstruction following a mastectomy or cleft lip repair)
Reconstructive Surgery
Defined as surgery that requires fewer than 24 hours of hospitalization these short term admissions may be as brief as 1 to 2 hours or extend to overnight
Ambulatory surgery
Sometimes referred to as same-day or outpatient surgery
What are some variables that determine the care clients need before, during, and after surgery?
Procedure performed, age of the client, and coexisting medical conditions
which stage of perioperative care is this :This phase begins with the decision to perform surgery and continues until the client reaches the operating area
Preoperative
which stage of perioperative care is this :The phase that includes the entire surgical procedure until transfer of the client to the recovery area.
Intraoperative
which stage of perioperative care is this :This phase begins with admission to the recovery area and continues until the client receives a follow-up evaluation at home or is discharged to a rehabilitation unit.
Postoperative
what are the nursing goals when caring for a surgical client
- Minimize clients’ anxiety
- prepare for surgery
- Monitor for complications during surgery
- Assist in uncomplicated recovery
A term used to describe the entire span of surgery, including before and after the actual operation and occurs in 3 phases is known as
Perioperative care
Preoperative care requires a complete assessment of the client the nurse is to gather as much data as possivle and the nursing assessment includes the following
- performs history and physical examination
- assist the clients understanding of the surgery
- consider cultural needs , beliefs with regards to blood and blood products or blood transfusions and disposal of body parts, personal privacy and the presence of family during the preoperative and postoperative phases
- on admission the nurse reviews preoperative instruction such as diet (NPO) and skin preparation to ensure the client followed them
which category of urgency is this type of surgery: Immediate, condition is life threatening, requiring surgery at once
Emergency surgery for example:
- Gunshot wound
- severe bleeding
- Small bowel obstruction
which category of urgency is this type of surgery: Within 24 to 30 hours, client requires prompt attention
Urgent surgery for example:
- Kidney stones
- Acute gallbladder infection
- Fractured hip
which category of urgency is this type of surgery: Planned for a few weeks or months after decision, client requires surgery at some point
Required surgery for example:
- cataracts
- Benign prostatic hypertrophy
- hernia repair without strangulation
which category of urgency is this type of surgery: Client will not be harmed if surgery is not performed but will benefit if it is performed at some point
Elective surgery for example:
- Revision of scars
- vaginal repairs
which category of urgency is this type of surgery: this is a personal preference
optional surgery for example
-cosmetic surgery
what identifies risk related to age, nutritional status, alcoholism, tobacco use and other substance abuse as well as current physical condition and medical problems
Surgical risk factors and potential complications
what is the purpose of adequate preoperative teaching/ learning
For the client to have an uncomplicated and shorter recovery period
what is the goal of skin preparation before surgery
the goal is to decrease bacteria without compromising the skin integrity. skin is usually cleansed in a particular area with a detergent germicide soap for several days before surgery. Hair is not removed before surgery unless it is likely to interfere with the incision
what are some of the focuses of physical preparation
Depending on the time of admission to the hospital or surgical facility, the nurse may perform some of the following physical preparations:
- Skin preparation
- Elimination
- Food and fluids
- care of valuables
- attire and grooming
- prostheses
