Ch 14: Nutrients Promoting Body Tissue Growth Flashcards
Amino acids are…
the organic building blocks from which proteins are made.
Non-essential amino acids are…
ones that are produced in the body.
Essential amino acids are…
those that can only be obtained from protein food sources.
Complete proteins…
contain all essential amino acids in adequate amounts needed to support growth.
Incomplete proteins…
lack required amounts of one or more essential amino acids.
Complementary proteins
Proteins with offsetting missing amino acids that can be combined to form a complete protein.
Supplementary protein
A complete protein mix resulting from the combination of a a small amount of a complete protein with an incomplete protein to provide all essential amino acids
Minerals
Inorganic chemical elements that are required in the diet to support growth, repair tissue, and regulate body functions.
Collagen
A protein that forms the major constituent of connective tissue, cartilage, bone, and skin.
Hemoglobin
The iron-containing, oxygen-carrying pigment in red blood cells.
Iron-deficiency anemia
A failure in the oxygen transport system caused by too little iron.
Which nutrient class functions to build tissues and provide energy?
Protein
Lysine
An essential amino acid
Iron
The mineral component of hemoglobin
Calcium
The major mineral component of bones and teeth.
Which food group supplies the greatest amounts of calcium?
Milk group
Which food group is rich in iron?
Meat and Beans group
Which nutrient class helps to regulate body processes and build body tissue?
Minerals
Water comprises what percentage of normal adult body weight?
60%
Why is an infant’s and toddler’s need for protein greater than that of an adult’s?
Infant and toddler protein needs are greater because they are experiencing an extremely rapid rate of growth.
Three non-dairy sources of complete protein are…
meat, fish, and poultry. Soybeans are also a source but, in large amounts, interfere with iron absorption.
Water comprises what percentage of an infant’s body weight?
70-75%
Why are children at risk for developing iron deficiency anemia?
Iron is not widely distributed in foods and its absorption is affected by the presence of other minerals. Also, iron-containing foods may be more costly to purchase.
Examples of incomplete proteins are…
grains, legumes, and dry beans
Growth is defined as…
an increase in physical size of either the entire body or any part thereof.
Growth occurs in two ways…
1) an increase in the number of cells, and 2) an increase in the size of individual cells.
