Ch 14: Mendel and the gene idea Flashcards
character
an observable heritable feature that may vary among individuals.
trait
one of two or more detectable variants in a genetic character.
true breeding
organisms that produce offspring of the same variety over many generations of self-pollination.
- 2 identical alleles
hybridization
in genetics, the mating, or crossing, of two true-breeding varieties.
P generation (parental generation)
homozygous parent individuals that form F1 hybrid offspring
F1 generation
the first filial, hybrid (heterozygous) offspring that came from the P generation cross
- different alleles
F2 generation
the offspring resulting from self-pollination of the F1 generation.
alleles
different flavors of genes that may produce distinguishable phenotypic effects.
- an organism gains 2 alleles, one from each parent.
dominant allele
determines organisms’ appearance
recessive allele
no noticeable effect on the organism’s appearance.
law of segregation
two alleles in a pair segregate into different gametes during gamete formation.
homozygote
an organism that has a pair of identical alleles for a gene (PP)
homozygous
having two identical alleles for a given gene (PP)
- true breeding
heterozygote
an organism with two different alleles for a gene (Pp)
heterozygous
having 2 different alleles for a given gene
- not true breeding
phenotype
observable physical and psychological traits of an organism, which are determined by genetic makeup
genotype
the genetic makeup, or set of alleles, of an organism.
testcross
breeding an organism with an unknown genotype with an organism with a known genotype to determine the unknown genotype.
monohybrids
an organism that is heterozygous with respect to a single gene or interest.
monohybrid cross
a cross between two organisms that are heterozygous for the character being followed
dihybrids
an organism that is heterozygous with respect to two genes of interest
