Ch 14: Mendel and the gene idea

Question 1

character

Answer 1

an observable heritable feature that may vary among individuals.

Question 2

trait

Answer 2

one of two or more detectable variants in a genetic character.

Question 3

true breeding

Answer 3

organisms that produce offspring of the same variety over many generations of self-pollination.
- 2 identical alleles

Question 4

hybridization

Answer 4

in genetics, the mating, or crossing, of two true-breeding varieties.

Question 5

P generation (parental generation)

Answer 5

homozygous parent individuals that form F1 hybrid offspring

Question 6

F1 generation

Answer 6

the first filial, hybrid (heterozygous) offspring that came from the P generation cross
- different alleles

Question 7

F2 generation

Answer 7

the offspring resulting from self-pollination of the F1 generation.

Question 8

alleles

Answer 8

different flavors of genes that may produce distinguishable phenotypic effects.
- an organism gains 2 alleles, one from each parent.

Question 9

dominant allele

Answer 9

determines organisms’ appearance

Question 10

recessive allele

Answer 10

no noticeable effect on the organism’s appearance.

Question 11

law of segregation

Answer 11

two alleles in a pair segregate into different gametes during gamete formation.

Question 12

homozygote

Answer 12

an organism that has a pair of identical alleles for a gene (PP)

Question 13

homozygous

Answer 13

having two identical alleles for a given gene (PP)
- true breeding

Question 14

heterozygote

Answer 14

an organism with two different alleles for a gene (Pp)

Question 15

heterozygous

Answer 15

having 2 different alleles for a given gene
- not true breeding

Question 16

phenotype

Answer 16

observable physical and psychological traits of an organism, which are determined by genetic makeup

Question 17

genotype

Answer 17

the genetic makeup, or set of alleles, of an organism.

Question 18

testcross

Answer 18

breeding an organism with an unknown genotype with an organism with a known genotype to determine the unknown genotype.

Question 19

monohybrids

Answer 19

an organism that is heterozygous with respect to a single gene or interest.

Question 20

monohybrid cross

Answer 20

a cross between two organisms that are heterozygous for the character being followed

Question 21

dihybrids

Answer 21

an organism that is heterozygous with respect to two genes of interest