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USAHS AT Final > Ch 14: Electronic Aids to Daily Living > Flashcards

Ch 14: Electronic Aids to Daily Living Flashcards

1
Q

When an individual does not have sufficient motor skills to manipulate these devices directly, what can be used?

A

Electronic Aid to Daily Living (EADL)

(also known as: Environmental Control Systems (ECS) and Environmental Control Units (ECU)_

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2
Q

Clients with little or no manipulation skill may not be able to use the… (EADLs)

A

Low-tech ATs and may benefit from access to and use of EADLs

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3
Q

Potential Users of EADLs

A
  • Individuals who have sustained a high cervical spinal cord injury or traumatic head injury, or who have experienced significant decline from progressive conditions such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
  • These individuals typically require the technology to replace function that they no longer have.
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4
Q

EADLs for Physical COntext

A
  • Typically used in an interior location where light, heat, and sound can be controlled (commonly the users residence)
  • May be hardwired to buildings electrical system or consist of a transmitter and receiver that are paired to each other
  • Quality of connections in a building (ex. wifi strength) can directly effect success of use
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5
Q

Electronic devices often exchange what information with the user?

A

Visual and Auditory

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6
Q

The physical context also affects the ability to… (EADLs)

A
  • Perceive visual info on a screen in bright light.
  • Ambient noise can affect the function of a voice-activated device and can also interfere with the user’s ability to detect info or feedback from the device that is presented auditorily.
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7
Q

Social Component (EADLs)

A
  • The influence of others in the environment
  • Knowledge of others in the setting the technology is used (about both the skills of the technology user and use of the technology) affect willingness to use a device and its integration into daily life
  • May be difficult to set up and learn so require assistance from another initially and for ongoing use
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8
Q

Environmental Component (EADLs)

A

Attitudes of others who view tech use as simply an alternate way of completing necessary and desired activities can accept and enable EADL use in different settings

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9
Q

Many EADLs are used to control entertainment appliances (TV, DVD, stereo) by…

A

Replacing the standard remote control with one that is accessible.
- If the EADL use prevents others in the living situation from making changes using the normal remote control, there can be conflicts.

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10
Q

Processor Consists of…

A

Selection Method and Output Distribution
(Control Interface> Selection Method> User Display)
(Output Distribution: Can be hard wired or remote link to lights, tv, or phone (activity output)

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11
Q

Institutional Context (EADLs)

A
  • Expensive and not typically funded by programs or private insurance
  • High cost barrier to acquisition
  • Some insurance policed fund EADL
  • Might meet criteria (ex. veterans) to receive funds
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12
Q

Four functions of Electronic Aids to Daily Living (EADLs):

A

(1) Environmental regulation
(2) Information acquisition
(3) Safety/security
(4) Communication

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13
Q

Environmental regulation allows the user to adjust the…

A

Temperature, lighting, and some pressure relief devices.

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14
Q

EADLs for Information Acquisition

A
  • Used to control audio-visual equipment, electrically powered page-turners, and other electronic devices.
  • Most commonly used: Those like remote controls for TV, DVD, cable and similar entertainment devices.
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15
Q

EADLs for Safety and Security

A
  • Can notify users that someone is at their home or apartment entrance through a camera and remotely lock and relock the door
  • Systems that can detect an emergency or contact emergency services
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16
Q

EADLs for Communication

A

-Use of telephone, intercom (to identify those at home, and attendant calls

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17
Q

The way the user accesses the EADL is through the…

A

Control interface or input device

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18
Q

The control interface can include…

A
  • A keyboard or keypad, joystick, and single or multiple switches.
  • Feedback is provided to the user by some form of user display (monitor or screen, a light, or sound)
  • The control interface and user display constitute the human/technology interface
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19
Q

Control interference and User Display

A

Constitue the Human Technology Interface

-Connected to the rest of the system and each other by a block labeled “selection method”

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20
Q

Selection Method

A

How users indicate their choice (ex, direct selection or scanning)

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21
Q

The outcome distrubution component…

A

Translates the selection into some form of control of the decixw which is connected to the output distribution either directly (hard-wired) or via a remote (wireless) link

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22
Q

How are appliances controlled via an EADL?

A

The devices are hard-wired to the home wiring and have some form of receiver (either integrated into the device as with a TV or connected to the device) that receives the signal from the output distribution unit.

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23
Q

In some cases, the HTI and the selection method are provided through an

A
  • Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) device
  • Powered Wheelchair Control
  • Computer
  • Tablets and phones
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24
Q

Discrete Control (EADLs)

A

Simply turn the appliance on/off or open/close
(also known as binary, 2 possible states)
-Also can involve selection of a single event from a finite number of possibilities such as tv channel or prestored phone number

25
Q

Continuous Control (EADLs)

A

Successively greater or smaller amounts of output among a finite number of possible outputs
-Opening and closing draperies, volume control, dimming or brightening lights

26
Q

two types of switch outputs available on most EADLs:

A

(1) Momentary control

(2) Latched control.

27
Q

Momentary Control/Switch Closure (EADLs)

A

Active only as long as switch is pressed
-Useful for continuous functions such as closing draperies (output can be sustained for as long as person desires, open drapes hald way)

28
Q

Latched Control/Switch Closure

A

Turned on by the first activation and off by the next activation, and it toggles between these two states with each activation
-Ex. light, radio, or when sustained switch activation is difficult for the user.

29
Q

Control of EADLs is achieved through…

A

Voice recognition, single or dual switch, touch screen, integrated with other controls such as for Augmentative and Alternative Communication, joystick on a wheelchair, or alternative computer access

30
Q

Selection methods used with EADLs include…

A
  • Direct selection
  • Scanning
  • Directed scanning
  • Coded access
31
Q

Direct Selection (EADL Selection Methods)

A

-User can choose any output directly
(ex, an EADL for controlling a room light, fan, or radio control may have one control interface, possibly a key on a small keyboard or speech recognition, for each of the 3 function)

32
Q

Scanning (EADL Selection Methods)

A

If the same three-unit system is to be operated via scanning access, then the keyboard can be replaced by a scanning panel and each of the three items to be controlled has a corresponding light. When the light of the device to be activated comes on, the user activates a control interface to select that item.

33
Q

Coded Access (EADL Selection Methods)

A

a code such as Morse code can be used for each of the three output devices.
-The user enters a series of dots and dashes corresponding to the numerical code required to activate the desired appliance.

34
Q

Transmission Methods

A
  • Direct Connection
  • House Wirting
  • Infrared Light Transmission
  • Radio Frequency
35
Q

Remote controls can be found between…

A
  • Output unit and appliances it controls (typical)

- or Control interface and Processor

36
Q

Direct Connection (EADL Transmission Methods)

A

Direct wiring requires that the controlled devices be physically close together or necessitates the installation of special wiring just for the EADL
(ex. phone lines, intercom systems, bed control, nurse call, external speakers)

37
Q

Benefits to Direct Connection (EADL Transmission Methods)

A

-Increased reliability and control of devices not suitable for remote control methods

38
Q

Disadvantages to Direct Connection (EADL Transmission Methods)

A
  • Device is tethered to what is controls

- Not practical to put all devices together

39
Q

Power Line Control—X10 and Insteon (EADL Transmission Methods)

A

Communication among devices using home automation can be implemented using the power lines.

  • distribution and control unit is plugged into a standard electrical outlet and each appliance to be controlled is plugged into a module, which is then plugged into the house wiring plug.
  • Digital control signals are transmitted over the house wiring from the distribution control device to individual appliance modules.
  • Two codes are sent: 1. identifies the device to be controlled, 2. selects the function to be performed (ex. turn on or off, dim or brighten a light)
40
Q

X10 and Insteon- Power Line Control (EADL Transmission Methods)

A

-X-10 appliance control: Designed for use by the general population, common, and inexpensive
-Devices are available at many consumer electronic stores.
-Adequate EADL for individuals who are able to press the buttons on the control unit.
Insteon: Also used with a large number of controllable modules
-X-10 and Insteon modules can also be connected to EADLs that use single or multiple switch, voice, or other control interfaces requiring less manipulation skill by the user.

41
Q

Advantages of Power Line/House Wiring (EADL Transmission Methods)

A

-No modification is needed to the home electrical system and tech is relatively inexpensive

42
Q

Disadvantages of Power Line/House Wiring (EADL Transmission Methods)

A

(1) the lack of privacy
(2) possible interference between systems on the same electrical power system (ex. in an apartment building) resulting in unreliable performance
(3) the inability to transmit when multiple circuits are used for the wiring system
(4) the lack of portability (the distribution and control unit needs to plug into a wall outlet).

43
Q

Infrared Transmission (EADL Transmission Methods)

A
  • Most common in the control of home electronics (ex. television set, cable television, DVD/CD player)
  • Infrared remote controls are used for discrete and continuous types of control.
  • Generally, each remote device has a set of unique codes; a remote unit manufactured by one company cannot be used with a system manufactured by someone else, which means that several remote controllers may be necessary to manage TV, cable, and other devices. (trainable or programmable remotes address this issue)
44
Q

Advantages of Infared Transmittion (EADL Transmission Methods)

A

-No installation costs (as compared with hard wiring) and ease of portability

45
Q

Disadvantages of Infared Transmittion (EADL Transmission Methods)

A

The signal, because it is a light wave, can be blocked by many materials, and a direct line of sight between the transmitter and receiver is generally required (transmitter and receiver must be in the same room)

46
Q

Radio Frequency Transmission (EADL Transmission Methods)

A
  • RF waves link between the distribution and control unit and the control interface, the controlled appliances, or both.
  • Most common mainstream examples of this type of remote control are garage door openers and mobile phones (same as FM radio)
  • Most common methods: Bluetooth (range of 30ft/9m) and WiFi
47
Q

Advantages of Radio Frequency Transmission (EADL Transmission Methods)

A

-Not blocked by common household materials, transmission can be over a relatively long distance throughout a house and yard

48
Q

Disadvantages of Radio Frequency Transmission (EADL Transmission Methods)

A
  • Major possible interference from other devices and lack of privacy.
  • Interference problem is generally approached by reducing the distance between the transmitter and the receiver and by having several transmission channels available. User can switch between channels (or the device will automatically scan) to find the strongest signal)
  • Privacy is addressed by allowing the user to select a transmission code and then matching the transmitter and receiver codes, often called registering two devices.
49
Q

Single-Device Binary Control EADLs

A
  • Control only one appliance
  • Useful when only one device is required (ex. a radio or light) or when user can only understand a single device control (ex. developmental disability).
  • Low cost
  • Increase independence
  • Can be momentary or latched modes and include a timer to activate appliance for preset number of seconds
50
Q

Single Device EADLs can be useful in developing what skills?

A
  • Motor Control
  • Cognitive Concepts
  • Can lead to use of multi-function EADLs or electronic communication devices
51
Q

Function: Binary latched control of appliances (ex. lights, radio, on-off only)
Method of Implementation…

A
  • Power line transmission

- RF transmission to smart plug

52
Q

Function: Discrete or continuous appliance (ex. TV, VCR, CD, cassette tape control)
Method of Implementation…

A

IR remote transmission

53
Q

Function: Momentary control of appliances (ex. door opener, drapery control)
Method of Implementation…

A
  • Power line transmission

- RF remote transmission

54
Q

Function: Switch control (any device requiring one or two switches)
Method of Implementation…

A
  • Hard wiring IR link to switch box (smart plug)

- Switch (relay) output from EADL

55
Q

Home automation systems

A

Provide control over many home appliances including coffee makers, thermostats, door locks, motion sensors, smart plugs and switches, and cameras for monitoring.

56
Q

Internet of Things

A

main principle of this concept is to embed intelligence and connectivity in all devices such that they can communicate with each other and be controlled from a central point

57
Q

Major players in home automation are…

A

-ZigBee Alliance
-Insteon
-Z-Wave
(provide hardware to control variety of devices, using own communication protocol and controlled through computer or mobile phone app)

58
Q

Dual vs. Single Mesh Networks

A
  • Dual mesh networks use both RF and power lines (instwon)

- Single mesh use only RF. (ZigBee and Z-Wave)

59
Q

Voice Assistants (Smart Speakers) as EADLs

A

Typical features of these systems are taking and making calls, answering texts on your phone, playing music, and answering questions. They provide home automation services by connecting to third-party smart plugs through Wi-Fi

  • Also found in smart phones and tablets
  • Smart assistance recognize synthesized speech

USAHS AT Final (1 decks)

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