Ch. 14: Drugs Used to Relieve Pain & Inflammation

Question 1

Can pain occur alone or is it always in combination with inflammation?

Answer 1

Can be alone as well

Question 2

Pain sensation arises in the terminal ends of sensory nerve fibers called what?

Answer 2

Nociceptors

These are in every tissue in the body

Question 3

What 3 ways are nociceptors activated?

Answer 3

Mechanical, Thermal, and Chemical stimulation

Question 4

Chemical stimulation may be delivered through which methods which can release eicosanoids (prostaglandins), bradykinin, serotonin, and others released in response to tissue damage?

Answer 4

Exogenous or endogenous

Question 5

Visceral pain arises from where?

Answer 5

From hollow abdominal organs, peritoneum, heart, liver, and lungs

Question 6

Somatic pain arises from where?

Answer 6

The musculoskeletal system (Can be superficial or deep)

Question 7

What are the 5 freedoms?

Answer 7

1. Freedom from pain
2. Freedom from hunger and thirst
3. Freedom from discomfrot
4. Freedom from disease and injury
5. Freedom to express normal behavior

Question 8

GIve 5 drug class examples of drugs used to control pain

Answer 8

NSAIDs, Opioids, Alpha2-agonists, Dissociative, and Tranquilizers

Question 9

The body is able to produce its own opiate-like analgesic agents called what?

Answer 9

Endorphins and enkephalins

Question 10

For pain management to be successful how should it be adminsitered/prescribed?

Answer 10

It should be preemptive and include multimodal analgesia

Question 11

Inflammation is a basic process that occurs in the body in response to tissue injury caused by what?

Answer 11

Physical, chemical, or biological trauma

Question 12

What are the two objectives of the inflammation process?

Answer 12

1) To counteract the injury by removing or walling off the cause of the injury
2) To repair or replace the damaged tissue

Question 13

What are the 4 steps of pain production?

Answer 13

1. Transduction
2. Transmission
3. Modulation
4. Perception

Question 14

The idea that pain control is enhanced if an analgesic is given before the pain starts prevents a process called central sensitization, also know as _______

Answer 14

Windup

Question 15

What chemicals in the body initiate or prolong the inflammatory process?

Answer 15

Prostaglandins, histamine, cytokines, and others