Ch. 14 Control of Microbial Growth Flashcards

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1
Q

Sterilization is

A

the most extreme protocols; complete removal or killing of all vegetative cells, endospores, and viruses from targeted item or environment

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2
Q

How can sterilization be accomplished?

A

physical: exposure to high heat, pressure or filtration
chemical: sterilants – kill all microbes and viruses and with the appropriate time endospores

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3
Q

What infection could potentially result as a failure to adhere to aseptic techniques?

A

Sepsis: inflammatory response to infection that results in high fever, increased heart and respiratory rates, shock and possibly death

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4
Q

Sterile field

A

created according to protocols requiring the use of sterilized materials such as: packaging and draping, strict procedures for washing and application of sterilants

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5
Q

Compare protocols for control of microbial growth

A

Document

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6
Q

disinfection

A

inactivates most microbes on the surface of a fomite by using antimicrobial chemicals or heat
- some microbes remain therefore disinfected item is not sterile
- endospores survive while all vegetative cells have been killed

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7
Q

antiseptics & example

A

antimicrobial chemicals safe for use on living skin or tissues
ex) hydrogen peroxide

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8
Q

how do alcohols work?

A

they work rapidly by denaturing proteins which inhibits cell metabolism and disrupting membranes which leads to cell lysis
-work better in aqueous solutions: alcohols coagulate proteins

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9
Q

when does alcohol coagulate proteins?

A

in higher alcohol concentrations, rapid coagulation of surface proteins prevents effective penetration of cells

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10
Q

What organisms can alcohol kill?

A

bacteria, fungi, and some enveloped viruses

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11
Q

Downside of alcohols

A

highly volatile which limits their effectiveness to immediately after application

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12
Q

Surfactants & example

A

chemical compounds that lower the surface tension of water
ex) soaps and detergents

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13
Q

How does a surfactant work chemically?

A

soaps are salts of long-chain fatty acids and have both polar and non-polar regions which allows them to interact with polar and non-polar regions in other molecules

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14
Q

Are soaps antiseptics or disinfectants?

A

NO: soaps do not kill or inhibit microbial growth
- “carry” away microorganisms, decontaminate

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15
Q

Quaternary Ammonium salts (quats) characteristics

A
  • have hydrophilic and hydrophobic ends
  • ability to insert into the bacterial phospholipid bilay and disrupt membrane integrity = death of cell
  • cationic charge of quats = antimicrobial properties
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16
Q

What are quats active against?

A

bacteria, fungi, protozoans, and enveloped viruses
-NOT endospores

17
Q

Example of quats?

A

household cleaners and disinfectants

18
Q

disk-diffusion method

A

applying different chemicals to separate, sterile filter paper disks
- used to determine the effectiveness of chemical agents against a particular microbe