Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Ch 14 Fundamentals > Ch 14 > Flashcards

Ch 14 Flashcards

1
Q

Infections are caused by a variety of ___

A

Microorganisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Microorganisms that cause infection in humans are referred to as ____

A

Pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Many microorganisms protect us from harmful pathogens as well as helping us break down and digest food. These microorganisms are referee to as _____ ____

A

Normal flora

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

_____ microorganisms are classified as bacteria, viruses, Protozoa, fungi or helminths

A

Pathogenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

____ is one celled microorganisms found virtually everywhere, including human bodies

A

Bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Rickettsia are often spread through bites of insects, such as ticks, and mites are called ____

A

Vectors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Tiny parasites that live within the cells of the host and reproduce there are ____

A

Viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

An example of ____ is yeast and mold

A

Fungi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

An example of _____ is worms

A

Helminths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In order for infection to spread from one person to another, a chain of events must occur called _____ ___ ____

A

Chain of infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

_____ _____ infection is an infection that is acquired while the patient is being cared for in any healthcare setting.

A

Health care-associated infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

_____ infections are caused by one pathogen only

A

Primary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

_____ infections are caused by a second different pathogen

A

Secondary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

If an infection spreads from the lungs to another organ it is called ______ infection, spreading through the blood stream

A

Systemic infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When microorganisms are present and multiplying in the blood, it is referred to as ____

A

Septicemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

______ precautions are a group of safety measures performed to prevent the transmission of pathogens found in the blood and body fluid

A

Standard precautions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

______-______ precautions as used to prevent the spread of the known infection to the patients or healthcare staff.. used when a patient has a communicable illness

A

Transmission based illness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

______ _____ refers to the practices performed to prevent the spread of infection

A

Medical asepsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

______ is a cleaning agent that will remove most pathogens

A

Disinfectant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Discuss proper hand washing techniques

  1. When using alcohol based gel correctly, apply product to palm of one hand and rub your hands together covering all surfaces until hands are dry
  2. alcohol based hand held should be used before and after care of each patient; gloves should be changed before and after each patient
  3. if hands are visibly Soiled then wash with soap and water
  4. Hand hygiene does not eliminate need for gloves and still need hand hygiene after gloves
A

Healthcare personnel should avoid wearing artificial nails and keep natural nails 1/4 inch long if they are caring for patients at high risk for infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Standard precautions

  1. Hand hygiene-wash hands for 20 seconds
  2. Gloves-wear when touching any body fluid or non intact skin
  3. Gown- wear when performing procedures
  4. Mask- wear during procedures that could cause splash of fluids or blood
  5. Needles and other sharps-in puncture resistant container
  6. Respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette, cough into tissue or cough into upper sleeve and use hand hygiene after
A

Know

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Types of pathogens

  1. Bacteria
  2. viruses
  3. Protozoa
  4. Fungi
  5. Helminths
A

Know

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

____ means without infections

A

Asepsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What means infections

A

Sepsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

___ needs oxygen to survive (easier to kill)

A

Aerobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

____ can live without oxygen (harder to kill)

A

Anaerobic

27
Q

____ are the smallest of organisms

A

Viruses

28
Q

____ is single celled animals that live in water. Ingested by humans through water or food

A

Protozoa

29
Q

___ is pneumonia’s

A

Mycoplasma

30
Q

_____ May be the reason for neurological disorders

A

Prions

31
Q 
Chain of infection occurs in this order 
1. Infectious agents 
2. Reservoir 
3. Portal of exit 
4. Mode of transmission 
5. Portal of entry
5 susceptible host
A

I.really.play.more.play.station. (Menomic to remember)

32
Q

___ is an object transferred

A

Fomite

33
Q

____ infection is an infection in one area of the body

A

Localized infection

34
Q

Hand soap antisepsis with alcohol is most effective

A

Know

35
Q

When you use friction during hand washing you get rid of _____ microorganisms & resident microorganisms

A

Transient microorganisms

36
Q

_____ asepsis refers to practices performed to prevent spread of infection

A

Medical asepsis

37
Q

____ asepsis is cleaning technique

A

Medical asepsis

38
Q

____ asepsis is sterile technique

A

Surgical technique

39
Q

_____ decreases number of microorganisms

A

Bacteriostatic

40
Q

________ kills microorganisms

A

Bactericidal

41
Q

People who have a decreased immune system would be placed in a ____ protective room where patient is being protected from everyone else

A

Neutropenic

42
Q

______ is spreaded by close contact and can be transferred to healthy people

A

MRSA

43
Q

You can treat MRSA with _____,______, or _____ and can be DX by a culture

A

Vancomycin, Bactrim, and Clindamyxcin

44
Q

____ is the most common cause of health care infections

People whom are at risk are people with cancer, GI issues

Patient is to be placed in a private room with precautions

NO ANTIDIARRHEAS

A

C diff

45
Q

Hep ____ is spread by a food or water source

A

Hep A

46
Q

Is there a vaccine for hep a?

A

Yes

47
Q

Hep __ is transmission of blood, saliva and semen

A

Hep B

48
Q

Is there a vaccine for hep B

A

Yes

49
Q

Hep __ is transmission of blood and semen

A

Hep c

50
Q

Is there a vaccine for hep C

A

No

51
Q

Hep _____ transmission is blood only

A

D

52
Q

Is there a vaccine for hep D

A

No

53
Q 
Symptoms of hepatitis is 
1.RUQ discomfort 
2.anorexia
3. Weight loss
4. Fever 
5 chills
6 jaundice
7 dark urine 
Treatment is 
1 rest 
2 activity as tolerated 
3 nutrition
4 hydration
A

Know

54
Q

____ are resistant strains of enterococcus and may be resistant to current available antibiotics.
Prevent us hand washing with antiseptic soap containing chlorehexidine

Patient should be in a private room or in contact isolation precautions

A

VRE

55
Q

HIV is transmission from sexual intercourse, blood or blood products, and perinatal transmission.
Not from tears, kissing or hugging.
Rare to get it from a bite. Must be human to human

sxs
Fever
Weight loss, diarrhea, night sweats, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, skin rashes and neuro disorders

A

Initial screening is ELISHA followed with a western blot
Also a CD4 cell count or percentage, viral load

Treat with antiviral therapy

56
Q

The most common park of microorganism transmission is by ____ contact

A

Direct

57
Q

____ precautions is used on all patients

A

Standard

58
Q

You will use ____ ____ precautions when someone has a known communicable illness that can be spread through contact; through respiratory, droplets, or through the air

A

Transmission based

59
Q

Contact transmission based precautions

  1. Put on gloves and gown when entering the room

•to prevent the transmission of pathogens spread by direct or indirect contact when patient is infected with MRSA, VRE, and c diff

A

Know this

60
Q

Droplet transmission based precaution
1. Put on a mask when entering the room
If patient has HINI flu N95 respirator is needed

  • to prevent transmission of pathogens spread through close contact with respiratory secretions or mucous membranes
  • flu, group a Strep, bacterial meningitis, rubella
A

Know

61
Q

Airborne transmission based precautions

  1. Put on fit tests N95 or higher respiration when entering the room

Patient must be placed in an airborne infection isolation room with negative pressure
• to prevent transmission of pathogens small enough to suspend in the air and spread through air currents
Examples TB, measles, chickenpox, severe acute respiratory syndrome

A

Know

62
Q

Donning personal protective equipments
1. Perform hand hygiene
2. Hold gown by shoulders and allow it to unfold to prevent containing outside of gown
3 slip your arms through gown sleeves
4 pull down up onto your shoulders by grasping inside of the gown at the shoulders to prevent outside of gown touching ungloved hands
5fasten gown in back at the neck and waist
6 place on mask
Bend flexible band across the bridge of nose
Pull cotton she of mask down

A 
7 Put on goggles 
8 put in hair cover 
9 put shoe cover over each show
10 donning gloves 
11 pull cuff edges of gloves over the wrist of isolation gown
63
Q

Physiologic defenses against infections and factors which may decrease defenses are what? There are 8

A
  1. Age
  2. Chemical exposure
  3. Chronic illness
  4. Lack of exercise
    5 lack of rest
    6 increased stress
    7 nonintact skin
    8 poor nutrition

Ch 14 Fundamentals (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions