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Unit 4; Oxgenated and healthy; Cardiopulmonary, Lymphatic and Immune Systems > Ch. 14 > Flashcards

Ch. 14 Flashcards

1
Q

True or false: The human central nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.

A

False

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2
Q

The nerves of the human body make up the ______.

A

peripheral nervous system

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3
Q

The central nervous system functions to receive
input, _____ perform integration, and generate
_____ output.

A

sensory. motor

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4
Q

What are all parts of the nervous system

A

Brain, Spinal cord

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5
Q

Based on function, the three basic types of neurons are sensory neurons, interneurons, and
__________ neurons.

A

motor

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6
Q

Which type of neuron lies entirely within the central nervous system?

A

Interneuron

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7
Q

The general tissue type that includes cells called neurons and neuroglia is
______ tissue.

A

nervous

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8
Q

Receptors that detect changes in the environment are called _______ receptors.

A

sensory

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9
Q

In nervous tissue, cells called
________ support and nourish the cells called ________ that transmit nerve impulses.

A

neuroglia, neurons

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10
Q

In the CNS, cells called
_____ form myelin; in the PNS,myelin is formed by _______ cells.

A

oligodendrocytes, schwann

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11
Q

All neurons have three parts: an axon, a cell body, and _____

A

dendrites

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12
Q

Which class of neurons takes nerve signals to the central nervous system?

A

sensory

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13
Q

A nerve is a bundle of axon or nerve _____

A

fibers

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14
Q

Which type of receptor would respond to changes in the environment?

A

sensory

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15
Q

Which type of cell forms myelin sheaths in the peripheral nervous system?

A

Schwann cell

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16
Q

A sensory neuron has a cell body located along its very long _____

A

axon

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17
Q

What are three parts of a neuron

A

Dendrite, Axon, Cell body

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18
Q

Areas along an axon where there is no myelin sheath are called
______ of Ranvier.

A

nodes

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19
Q

A bundle of long axons outside of the central nervous system is called a(n) ______.

A

nerve

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20
Q

The central nervous system disorder that results from an autoimmune destruction of myelin is called
_____ sclerosis.

A

multiple

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21
Q

In the peripheral nervous system, Schwann cells wrap their membranes around the _____ of neurons to form myelin sheaths.

A

axons

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22
Q

In the CNS, gray matter is gray because it contains no ______.

A

myelin

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23
Q

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disorder of the nervous system resulting from the breakdown of ______.

A

myelin

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24
Q

The prick of a sharp pin would be the
______ that starts an action potential on a pain neuron.

A

stimulus

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25
Q

Areas of the CNS where the axons are myelinated are called _______ matter.

A

white

26
Q

The voltage that will result in an action potential is called the _____.

A

threshold

27
Q

When a neuron is not transmitting an impulse, the energy resulting from the level of membrane polarization is called ______.

A

the resting potential

28
Q

Increasing the strength of a stimulus does not change the strength of the action potential, however it may
_____.

A

cause more action potentials to occur in a given period

29
Q

Which part of a neuron conducts an action potential?

A

Axon

30
Q

Which term refers to an event that activates a neuron and begins an action potential?

A

Stimulus

31
Q

The rapid movement of potassium ions out of a neuron during an action potential causes ______ of the cell membrane.

A

repolarization

32
Q

Once an impulse has passed down a neuron, it is then unable to conduct another impulse for a short period of time. This is referred to as ______.

A

the refractory period

33
Q

The region where a neuron transmitting an impulse comes in close proximity to a receiving neuron is the ______.

A

synapse

34
Q

Conduction along an unmyelinated axon ______.

A

is slower than conduction on a myelinated axon

35
Q

Conduction of an impulse along a myelinated axon is termed ______ conduction.

A

saltatory

36
Q

What is the function of a neuron membrane’s refractory period?

A

It prevents an action potential from traveling in the wrong direction.

37
Q

The best definition of an axon terminal is ______.

A

the small swelling at the tip of an axon branch

38
Q

The location where an axon terminal of one neuron comes into close proximity with a dendrite or cell body of a second neuron is called a(n)
_________.

A

synapse

39
Q

Which enzyme breaks down acetylcholine at the synapse?

A

Acetylcholinesterase

40
Q

A chemical released by a sending neuron, which diffuses across the synaptic cleft to bind to the membrane of a receiving neuron, is called a ________.

A

neurotransmitter

41
Q

Which neurotransmitter excites skeletal muscle but inhibits cardiac muscle?

A

Acetylcholine

42
Q

The small swelling at the end of an axon, which lies close to the dendrite or cell body of another neuron, is the axon _________.

A

terminal

43
Q

Whereas an inhibitory signal opens ______ gates of a neuron cell membrane, an excitatory signal opens _____ gates of a neuron.

A

potassium; sodium

44
Q

In some synapses, the receiving membrane contains ______ that rapidly inactivates the neurotransmitter, preventing the continuous stimulation or inhibition of the receiving membrane.

A

ENZYMES

45
Q

If a neuron receives more inhibitory signals than excitatory signals, an impulse will not be sent due to ______.

A

integration

46
Q

A viral or bacterial infection of the protective membranes around the brain and spinal cord is called ______.

A

meningitis

47
Q

Whereas an inhibitory signal causes a neuron to be ______ threshold, an excitatory signal causes a neuron to be _____ threshold.

A

further from; closer to

48
Q

The fluid that cushions and protects the organs of the central nervous system is called ______.

A

cerebrospinal fluid

49
Q

The protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord are called the ______.

A

meninges

50
Q

Which disorder occurs as a result of excess accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid?

A

Hydrocephalus

51
Q

In the CNS, which type of nervous tissue contains cell bodies and short nonmyelinated nerve fibers?

A

Gray matter

52
Q

The myelinated axons that run together in bundles in the CNS are called ______.

A

tracts

53
Q

True or false: In the spinal cord, the gray matter is more internal and the white matter is more external

A

true

54
Q

Quadriplegia results from damage to the spinal cord at a region that is ______ damage that would cause paraplegia.

A

higher than

55
Q

The structure that provides a means of communication between the brain and peripheral nerves is the _________.

A

spinal cord

56
Q

How many ventricles does the human brain have?

A

4

57
Q

If the spinal cord is completely severed in the thoracic region, what is the most likely outcome?

A

Paraplegia

58
Q

The neurons that control an action where impulses from sensory axons travel through the spinal cord and back to an effector (muscle or gland) constitute a reflex ______.

A

arc

59
Q

Which of these is the largest portion of the human brain, receives sensory input, and regulates voluntary motor output?

A

Cerebrum

60
Q

The human brain is comprise of the cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem and
_________.

A

cerebellum

61
Q

Which lobe of the cerebrum controls movement and higher reasoning?

A

frontal

62
Q
A

Unit 4; Oxgenated and healthy; Cardiopulmonary, Lymphatic and Immune Systems (1 decks)

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