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Igcse chemistry ol > ch 14 > Flashcards

ch 14 Flashcards

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1
Q

the 2 sources of oxygen

A

industrial prep:
-fractional distillation of liquefied air

laboratory prep:
H2O2->H2O + O2
-catalytic decomposition
-electrolysis of dil. H2SO4

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2
Q

uses of oxygen

A

-packed in cylinder for diving +hospitals
-oxyacetylene flame->welding of metals
-purification of iron in the oxygen converter
-respiration/combustion

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3
Q

test of oxygen

A

test: glowing splint
results: relights

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4
Q

2 prep of hydrogen

A

industrial prep:
-cracking of alkanes ,hydrocarbons
-reaction with methane and water

laboratory prep:
-metal + acid
- reactive metal + cold water
-electrolysis of dilute H2.

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5
Q

chemical prop of hydrogen

A

-flammable/explosive
test:
lighted splint
result: burns with a pop sound

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6
Q

uses of hydrogen

A

-used as a fuel
-used in the Haber process to produce ammonia

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7
Q

Halogens physical prop down the group

A
  • high density
  • high m.p and b.p
    -colour gets darker
    -reactiving decreases
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8
Q

bromine Br2 colours

A

in gas red
in liquid red brown

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9
Q

chloride Cl2 colour at room temp

A

gas greenish yellow

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10
Q

flourine F2 at room temp

A

gas pale yellow

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11
Q

iodine I2 at room temp

A

solid greyish black
gas purple
liquid/ad brown

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12
Q

At at room temp

A

solid black

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13
Q

uses of chlorine

A

-bleaching agent
-purification of water

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14
Q

uses of iodine

A

test for starch

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15
Q

sources of nitrogen

A

-fractional distillation of liquefied air
-removal of O2 from air

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16
Q

uses of nitrogen

A

-packaging of food
doesn’t react with food cause N2 is unreactive gas

-used in manufacture of ammonia in the Haber process

17
Q

uses of ammonia

A

used in the manufacture of fertilizers

18
Q

ammonia added to the soil

A

-increases soil fertility
-high crop yield
-increase rate of plant growth
-makes the plant healthier

19
Q

fertillizers

A

-N,P,K
-soluble in H2O SPAN- sodium,potassium,ammonia,nitrate

20
Q

ammonia + acid

A

ammonium salt

21
Q

ammonia+ sulfuric acid

A

ammonium sulfate

22
Q

ammonia +phosphoric acid

A

ammonium phosphate

23
Q

Haber process

A

process of manufacture of ammonia

24
Q

condition of Haber process

A

-450°C
-200 atm
-Fe catalyst

25
Q

450°C

A

rate:
rate will increase as temp increases the particles will gain energy
so they will moves faster and collide more frequently

compromise
->cannot be decreased to avoid low rate
->cannot be increased, yield decrease and the reaction will shits backward

26
Q

200 atm pressure

A

rate increase as pressure increase so more particles/unit volume so more frequent collisions

as yield increase, pressure increases
the reaction will shits forward towards the direction of less moles so yield increases

27
Q

Fe catalyst

A

any catalyst speeds up chemical reaction

28
Q

what happens to ammonia in Haber process

A

ammonia is liquefied and removed
as conc decreases reaction shifts forward towards more conc. of ammonia yield will increase

29
Q

Sulfur S8 prop

A

-yellow solid
-brittle
-low m.p/b.p

30
Q

sources of sulfur

A

-sulfur beds
-zinc blende ZnS
-present as an impurity in fossil fuels

31
Q

SO2 uses

A

-acidic gas
-reducing agent turns acidified KMnO4 from purple to colorless

uses
-food preservative kills bacteria
-bleaches wood pulp for paper industry

32
Q

H2SO4 uses

A

-making fertilizers
-used in batteries in electrolysis

33
Q

Contact process condition

A

-450°C
-2 atm
-V2CO5 catalyst

34
Q

why pressure is only increases at 2 atm

A

rate and yield are already at 2 atm
pressure is expensive

35
Q

why lime water turns milky in the Prescence of CO2

A

Ca(OH)2 + CO2 -> CaCO3 (insoluble)

36
Q

uses of lime cycle

A

-3 compounds basic-> to neutralizes acidic soil
-Best option CaCO3
-CaO/ Ca(OH)2 is partially soluble

CaCO3->
-buildingmater
-purification of iron blast furnaces
-cement
-glass

CaO
-purification of iron-oxygen converter
-flue gas desulfurization

Ca(OH)2
-slaked lime
-flue gas deunt unisation

Igcse chemistry ol (8 decks)

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