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Exotics > Ch 13 - week 1 - mice, rats, gerbils, hamsters > Flashcards

Ch 13 - week 1 - mice, rats, gerbils, hamsters Flashcards

1
Q

What is the 2 most common causes of illnesses in exotics?

A

poor husbandry and nutrition

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2
Q

What is the #1 mandatory regulation that protects animals?

A

The animal welfare act

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3
Q

Mandatory regulations include?

A
  • The animal welfare act,
  • the public health service policy on humane care and use of lab.animals
  • the good lab practice act
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4
Q

The animal welfare act is?

A
  • the first law in 1966 that protected non-farm, non-wildlife animals in the US
  • only federal law in the Us that regulates the treatment of animals and research and exhibition
  • originally known as the Lab Animal Welfare Act and amended 8 times
  • enforced by the US depart. of Agriculture
  • unannounced site visits are done at least once yearly
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5
Q

What are the exclusions to AWA?

A

birds bred for research, mice and rats bred for research, horses unless used in biomedical research, farm animals raised for food or fiber or used in agriculture research, cold-blooded (exothermic) animals (fish, reptile, amphibians

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6
Q

What is IACUC and what is it?

A

Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee to oversee and evaluate all aspects of the institution’s animal care and use program

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7
Q

Do research institutions have to establish an IACUC? Consists of what kind of members?

A 
yes
3 members (DVM with experience or training in lab animal medicine and one member who is not affiliated with the institution (represents the community interests in the proper care and treatment of animals), IACUC is charged to act as an agent of the research to assure compliance of AWA) - inspects once every 6 months
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8
Q

What is PHSP?

A

Public Health Service Policy on humane care and use of lab animals - covers majority of research animals except rats, mice, or birds

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9
Q

What does the Guide for the Care and use of lab animals do?

A
  • assist institutions to care for and use animals in ways judged to be scientifically, technically, and humanely appropriate
  • to assist investigators to plan and conduct animal experiments with the highest scientific, humane, and ethical principles
  • outlines institution policies, animal environment, housing and management, vet med. care, physical plant, personnel, training, preventative medicine, surgery (post), euthanasia
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10
Q

What is the Good Laboratory Practice Act?

A

adopted in 1978, apply to animal research and safety studies
tighten the standards for research facilities that are engaged in product testing for the FDA
inadequate animal facilities, treatment, or records are sufficient reasons to question the value or validity of data gathered

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11
Q

State regulations do what?

A

protect animals from cruel treatment and require animals have access to food and water, and to be provided shelter from extreme weather

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12
Q

What are some types of mice?

A

Mus musculus - fancy: Himalayan, satin, long-haired, brindle, seal point

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13
Q

What are some types of rats?

A

Rattus norvegicus: - hooded, siamese, blue, silver, rex, hairless, Dumbo

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14
Q

What are some types of Exotic rats and mice?

A

Giant Gambian rats,

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15
Q

What are some types of Exotic mice?

A

African zebra mice, African spiny mice (illegal in many states)more socical than domestic mice, calmer, less likely to bite

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16
Q

What are some uses for mice and rats?

A
  • decoding of human genome
  • genetic tagging
  • disease studies
  • beauty product testing
  • diabetes research
  • obesity research
  • prescription drug studies
  • illicit drug studies
  • reproductive studies
  • cognitive research
  • development learning
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17
Q

What is coprophagy in rodents?

A

eating of feces (night) -allows for assimulation of B vitamins and Vit. K and other nutrients - help maintain proper gut flora

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18
Q

Rodents are unable to vomit because?

A

they lack the esophageal musculature to do so and a powerful barrier is between the esophagus and stomach

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19
Q

Should rodents be fasted before a procedure?

A

no

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20
Q

What are harderian glands?

A

located behind each eye, important for ocular lubricant and pheromone behavior, will hypersecrete porphyrin red pigment (looks like crusty red tears) - chromodacryorrhea when stressed, when grooming, will often transfer pigment to other parts of body (feet) - is a sign of impaired health

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21
Q

What is chromodacryorrhea?

A

porphyrin red pigment

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22
Q

What is zymbal’s gland?

A

surround base of ear, tumors can look like ear infection - may become large

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23
Q

What do the tail and ears help with?

A

thermoregulate

24
Q

The few sweat glands are found where?

A

around footpad

25
Q

What is polygamous?

A

one male + more than one female

26
Q

What is an os penis?

A

penile bone

27
Q

How an you sex mice/rats?

A

compare anogenital distance - greater in males

28
Q

What is postpartum estrus like in mice/rats?

A

lasts for 24 hours; females red at the postpartum estrus have an extended gestation period

29
Q

What is meant by extended gestation period in rats/mice?

A

faculative dispause (delayed implantation)

30
Q

What is whitten effect in mice/rats?

A

a small group of anestrus females come into estrus when a male is introduced to the group; synchronization of cycles occurs with most of females coming into estrus within 72 days; seen mostly in mice

31
Q

What is the Bruce effect?

A

pregnant females (bred within the past 24 hours to 4 days) are exposed to the pheromones (urine/physical presence) of a strange male and abort

32
Q

What does it mean that the hamster is fastidious in maintaining their habitat?

A

have separate places for sleeping,stockpiling food and defecating/urinating. Important - do not rearrange their cage

33
Q

What does cache food mean?

A

store food

34
Q

What does estivate mean for a hamster?

A

If exposed to temps highter than 80 degrees F they will

to into a prolonged torpor or dormancy of an animal during a hot or dry period.

35
Q

If temps drop below 65 degrees F what will hamsters do?

A

pseudo - hibernate

36
Q

T/F hamster Females are more aggressive than males?

A

T - introduce male first to female or place in neutral environment

37
Q

Can Russian hamsters be placed with others?

A

yes if introduced at an early age

38
Q

What is the Jacobson organ in hamsters?

A

AKA: The vomeronasal organ is mainly used to detect pheromones, chemical messengers that carry information between individuals of the same species.

39
Q

What is the flank gland in a hamster?

A

used for marking, sebaceous, darkly pigmented, males will lick scent glands when sexually excited, located near umbilicus on dwarf hamsters

40
Q

What is altricial young in hamsters?

A

newly born young are relatively immobile, have closed eyes, lack hair, and must be cared for by the adults. Altricial young are born helpless and require care for a comparatively long time.

41
Q

Hamsters have a high tolerance for?

A

alcohol - evolved due to behavior of storage of grains underground - ferment; cannot be used as a model in testing for alcohol-induced diseases

42
Q

What are hamsters used for in research?

A

infectious diseases, cancer, hypothermia, thrombosis and others

43
Q

What is crepuscular and relates to the Gerbil?

A

is active during the early morning and evening hours

44
Q

What is precocial?

A

babies - mini adults - ready to go (i.e. baby chicks) - eat on own

45
Q

Define deglove?

A

amputation - exposed skinless tail will eventually desiccate and slough off, but is painful or animal may chew on it

46
Q

Gerbils are used in lab research for?

A

studies on parasitology, toxicology, lipid metabolism, infectious diseases and more. Also important animal model for stroke research as well as epilepsy (high incidence of spontaneous seizures) - leave alone when this happens

47
Q

What kind of bedding should be used for the Gerbil?

A

pine/aspen wood shavings - no cedar or scented

commercial absorbent paper products (Alpha-dri or Carefresh) - no corncob (can mod easily and cause impaction

48
Q

Why should you not leave fresh food for hamsters?

A

hamsters store food - make sure to remove all fresh food the next day so that it doesn’t mold

49
Q

Why should you not give shelled peanuts to hamsters?

A

they will shove them in cheek pouches - sometimes require vet assist. to remove

50
Q

What is mycoplasma pulmonis?

A

chronic respiratory disease - most common in rats, more common in hamsters than gerbils, animals can be carriers and never show signs

51
Q

What are signs of mycoplasma pulmonis?

A

pneumonia - chattering teeth, labored breathing, conjunctivitis, ocular/nasal discharge, weight loss, otitis (head tilt), lethargy -clinical signs often don’t appear until late stages of illness

52
Q

What is route of transmission for myoplasma pulmonis?

A

air or mother to offspring

53
Q

What is the treatment for myoplasma pulmonis?

A

Baytril, tetracycline to treat bacterial infections; cannot completely get rid of disease - will wax/wane/ w/stress; prognosis is poor

54
Q

What are the medical concerns for incisor malocclusion?

A

overgrown/misaligned incisors, genetic, trim w/dremel (under anesthesia) - standard nail clippers may shattered teeth

55
Q

What are the medical concerns for otitis interna/media, signs and treatment?

A

bacterial infection of inner/middle ear
Signs - head tilt and constant circling
Treatment - antibiotics

56
Q

What is barbering?

A

mice - dominant male will groom hair off of other mice
allogrooming in mice is normal
- need to remove mouse that is the dominant from colony to stop cycle

Exotics (6 decks)

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