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Health Assessment > Ch 13 - Skin, Hair, And Nails > Flashcards

Ch 13 - Skin, Hair, And Nails Flashcards

1
Q

Keloids

A

Compact bundles of collagen below surface of skin

-they are scars that form at the side of the wound

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2
Q

Pseudo folliculitis

A

Razor bumps, ingrown hair

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3
Q

Eccrine glands

A

Sweat

  • Mature at two months of age
  • reduces body temperature
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4
Q

Apocrine glands

A
  • produce milky white secretions
  • found in axilla, nipples
  • Become active during puberty
  • Secretion occurs with emotional and sexual stimulation
  • bacterial flora residing on the skin surface react with apocrine sweat to produce a musky body odor.
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5
Q

Hives

A

Urticaria

Usually triggered by food, medication or stress

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6
Q

Psoriasis

A

Skin cells build up and form scales, dry itchy patches

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7
Q

Eczema

A

A topic dermatitis, usually develops in early childhood.
A rash that appears on the arms, and behind the knees mostly,
but can be in other areas

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8
Q

Xerosis

A

Dry skin

Pronounced- “zerosis”

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9
Q

Callus

A

Overgrowth of skin from friction and pressure

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10
Q

Turgor test

A
  • Checks for dehydration.
  • turgor refers to the elasticity of your skin.

grasps the skin between two fingers so that it is tented up.

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11
Q

Macule

A

Freckle

Just a change in color/flat area of color change

Primary skin lesion

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12
Q

Papule

A

Wart/allergic eczema

  • Something you can feel because the skin has gotten thicker
  • a solid elevation <0.5

Primary skin lesion

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13
Q

Nodule

A

mole

  • solid, elevated, can be hard or soft
  • 0.5 - 1 cm
  • Primary skin lesion
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14
Q

Wheal

A

Mosquito bite, allergic reaction, or tb test

  • fluid filled, raised, irregular shaped
  • primary skin lesion
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15
Q

Vesicle/bulla

A

Blister

  • fluid filled
  • Primary skin lesion
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16
Q

Cyst

A

Encapsulated fluid filled cavity

-primary skin lesion

17
Q

Pustule

A

Acne

  • puss filled cavity
18
Q

What is hair made up of?

A

threads of keratin

19
Q

Sebaceous glands

A
  • produce a protective lipid substance, SEBUM, which is secreted through the hair follicles.
  • dry skin results from loss of water, not directly from loss of oil.

Sebaceous glands are everywhere except on the palms and soles.

20
Q

Function of the skin

A
  • protection
  • prevent penetration
  • perception (Touch, pain, temperature, pressure)
  • Temperature regulation
  • identification
  • Communication
  • wound repair
  • absorption and excretion
  • Production of vitamin D
21
Q

Pallor appearance

A

When the red pink tones from the oxygenated hemoglobin in the blood are lost. Skin takes on the color of connective tissue (collagen), which is mostly white

22
Q

Erythema appearance

A

Intense redness of the skin is from excess blood (hypermedia) in the dilated superficial capillaries

-this sign is expected with fever, local inflammation, or emotional reactions such as blushing.

23
Q

Cyanosis appearance

A

A blush mottled color from decreased perfusion.

  • tissues have high levels of deoxygenated blood.
  • Best seen in lips, nose, cheeks, ears, and oral mucous membranes
  • looks Ruddy blue
24
Q

Jaundice

A

A yellowish skin color indicates rising amounts of bilirubin in the blood.

-first noted in the junction of the hard and soft palate of the mouth and in the sclera

25
Q

Secondary skin lesions

A
  • crust
  • scale
  • Fissure
  • ulcer
  • erosion
  • excoriation
  • scar
  • atrophic scar (stretch marks)
  • keloid
  • lichenification
26
Q

Common shapes and configurations of lesions

A

-annular or circular (ring worm)
-confluent (run together) (hives)
-discrete (skin tags & acne)
-gyrate (twisted, snake like)
-linear (scratch)
-zosteriform (herpes)
-polycyclic (psoriasis)
-target
Grouped (contact dermatitis)

27
Q

Primary skin lesions

A

-macule
-patch
-nodule
-tumor
-bulla (friction blister)
-vesicle (herpes, chickenpox)
-urticaria (hives)
-wheal (mosquito bite)
-plaque
-papule (mole,wart)
-cyst
Pustule (acne)

28
Q

Pressure injuries stages

A

Stage 1- non-blanchable erythema

Stage 2- partial thickness skin loss

Stage 3- Full thickness skin loss

Stage 4- full thickness skin/tissue loss

29
Q

What is the normal angle for nail beds?

A

160°

30
Q

Lichenification

A

when your skin becomes thick and leathery. This is usually a result of constant scratching or rubbing.

31
Q

Herpes zoster infection (shingles) is characterized by:

A

Lesion on only one side of the body;Does not cross midline

32
Q

Alopecia

A

Baldness; hair loss

Health Assessment (5 decks)

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