Ch 13 - Skin, Hair, And Nails Flashcards
Keloids
Compact bundles of collagen below surface of skin
-they are scars that form at the side of the wound
Pseudo folliculitis
Razor bumps, ingrown hair
Eccrine glands
Sweat
- Mature at two months of age
- reduces body temperature
Apocrine glands
- produce milky white secretions
- found in axilla, nipples
- Become active during puberty
- Secretion occurs with emotional and sexual stimulation
- bacterial flora residing on the skin surface react with apocrine sweat to produce a musky body odor.
Hives
Urticaria
Usually triggered by food, medication or stress
Psoriasis
Skin cells build up and form scales, dry itchy patches
Eczema
A topic dermatitis, usually develops in early childhood.
A rash that appears on the arms, and behind the knees mostly,
but can be in other areas
Xerosis
Dry skin
Pronounced- “zerosis”
Callus
Overgrowth of skin from friction and pressure
Turgor test
- Checks for dehydration.
- turgor refers to the elasticity of your skin.
grasps the skin between two fingers so that it is tented up.
Macule
Freckle
Just a change in color/flat area of color change
Primary skin lesion
Papule
Wart/allergic eczema
- Something you can feel because the skin has gotten thicker
- a solid elevation <0.5
Primary skin lesion
Nodule
mole
- solid, elevated, can be hard or soft
- 0.5 - 1 cm
- Primary skin lesion
Wheal
Mosquito bite, allergic reaction, or tb test
- fluid filled, raised, irregular shaped
- primary skin lesion
Vesicle/bulla
Blister
- fluid filled
- Primary skin lesion
Cyst
Encapsulated fluid filled cavity
-primary skin lesion
Pustule
Acne
- puss filled cavity
What is hair made up of?
threads of keratin
Sebaceous glands
- produce a protective lipid substance, SEBUM, which is secreted through the hair follicles.
- dry skin results from loss of water, not directly from loss of oil.
Sebaceous glands are everywhere except on the palms and soles.
Function of the skin
- protection
- prevent penetration
- perception (Touch, pain, temperature, pressure)
- Temperature regulation
- identification
- Communication
- wound repair
- absorption and excretion
- Production of vitamin D
Pallor appearance
When the red pink tones from the oxygenated hemoglobin in the blood are lost. Skin takes on the color of connective tissue (collagen), which is mostly white
Erythema appearance
Intense redness of the skin is from excess blood (hypermedia) in the dilated superficial capillaries
-this sign is expected with fever, local inflammation, or emotional reactions such as blushing.
Cyanosis appearance
A blush mottled color from decreased perfusion.
- tissues have high levels of deoxygenated blood.
- Best seen in lips, nose, cheeks, ears, and oral mucous membranes
- looks Ruddy blue
Jaundice
A yellowish skin color indicates rising amounts of bilirubin in the blood.
-first noted in the junction of the hard and soft palate of the mouth and in the sclera
Secondary skin lesions
- crust
- scale
- Fissure
- ulcer
- erosion
- excoriation
- scar
- atrophic scar (stretch marks)
- keloid
- lichenification
Common shapes and configurations of lesions
-annular or circular (ring worm)
-confluent (run together) (hives)
-discrete (skin tags & acne)
-gyrate (twisted, snake like)
-linear (scratch)
-zosteriform (herpes)
-polycyclic (psoriasis)
-target
Grouped (contact dermatitis)
Primary skin lesions
-macule
-patch
-nodule
-tumor
-bulla (friction blister)
-vesicle (herpes, chickenpox)
-urticaria (hives)
-wheal (mosquito bite)
-plaque
-papule (mole,wart)
-cyst
Pustule (acne)
Pressure injuries stages
Stage 1- non-blanchable erythema
Stage 2- partial thickness skin loss
Stage 3- Full thickness skin loss
Stage 4- full thickness skin/tissue loss
What is the normal angle for nail beds?
160°
Lichenification
when your skin becomes thick and leathery. This is usually a result of constant scratching or rubbing.
Herpes zoster infection (shingles) is characterized by:
Lesion on only one side of the body;Does not cross midline
Alopecia
Baldness; hair loss
