Ch. 13 Rules Of Heredity Flashcards

0
Q

What is an Allele?

A

Special case of the feature

Colors of paints

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1
Q

What is a gene?

A

DNA that codes for a protein
General feature
(Paint)

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2
Q

What is a dominant allele?

A

It suppresses the other allele from expressing itself

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3
Q

What is a recessive allele?

A

The allele that is suppressed

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4
Q

What is a genotype?

A

Set of alleles

2alleles make up a gene

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5
Q

What is a phenotype?

A

The physical characteristics, appearance

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6
Q

Homozygous Dominant?

A

YY both alleles are dominant

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7
Q

Homozygous Recessive?

A

yy both alleles are recessive and represented by lowercase letters

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8
Q

Heterozygous?

A

Yy both alleles are different

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9
Q

What is a pure line?

A

Must be either homozygous dominant or homozygous recessive

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10
Q

Who is Gregor Mendel?

A

Monk

Worked with pea plants, and how genes are passes on to the next generation

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11
Q

What is the Blending Theory?

A

Offspring are the “average” of their parents

Height/ skin color

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12
Q

What is the Particulate Theory?

A

Parents pass down particles that may influence each other

Dominant and recessive alleles

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13
Q

What does Mendel’s first law state?

Law of Segregation

A

2 alleles of a gene separate during the formation of gametes so that each gamete has only 1allele of a given gene

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14
Q

What is a gamete?

A

Sex cell

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15
Q

What does Mendel’s 2nd Law state?

Law of Independent Assortment

A

Various genes move indecently of each other during gamete formation so that the alleles of one gene are unaffected by the alleles of another gene

16
Q

What is non-disjunction?

A

No separation of the alleles causing the sex cell to receive two alleles
(Trisomy 21)
Violates Mendel’s 1st Law

17
Q

What is linkage?

A

Violates Mendel’s 2nd Law

Genes on the same chromosome dont exist as separate units