CH 13: Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

anemia

A

deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin

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2
Q

aplastic anemia

A

failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow; all cell lines will decrease, no formation

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3
Q

pancytopenia

A

all cell lines decrease

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4
Q

hemolytic anemia

A

reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction; to destroy RBC

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5
Q

congenital spherocytic anemia

A

instead of normal biconcave shape, erythrocytes become spheroidal

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6
Q

pernicious anemia

A

related to B12

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7
Q

sickle cell anemia

A

gets stuck in vessels

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8
Q

thalassemia

A

has to do with Mediterranean

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9
Q

hemochromatosis

A

excess iron deposits throughout body; increase color because of iron

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10
Q

polycythemia vera

A

many blood cells; increase in RBC (erythremia)

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11
Q

hemophilia

A

has to do with factor 8; excessive bleeding by heredity lack of blood clotting factors ( 8 or 9) necessary for blood clotting

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12
Q

purpura

A

multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the skin

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13
Q

petechiae

A

tiny purple or red flat spots appearing on the skin as a result of hemorrhages

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14
Q

ecchymoses

A

larger blue or purplish patches on the skin (bruises)

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15
Q

autoimmune thrombocytopenia purpura

A

person makes an antibody that destroys platelets; bleeding time is prolonged

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16
Q

leukemia

A

increase in cancerous WBC

17
Q

acute lymphocytic leukemia (AML)

A

young people

18
Q

chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)

A

older people

19
Q

granulocytosis

A

abnormal increase in granulocytes in the blood

20
Q

eosinophilia

A

increase in eosinophilic granulocytes ; seen in certain allergic condition

21
Q

basophilia

A

increase in basophilic granulocytes seen in certain types of leukemia

22
Q

mononucleosis

A

infectious disease marked by increased numbers of mononuclear leukocytes and enlarged cervical lymph nodes; transmitted by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

23
Q

multiple myeloma

A

malignant neoplasm of bone marrow

24
Q

antiglobulin test (Coombs test)

A

test for the presence of antibodies that coat and damage erythrocytes

25
bleeding time
time required for blood to stop flowing from a tiny puncture wound
26
coagulation time
time required for venous blood to clot in a test tube
27
complete blood count (CBC)
determination of numbers of blood cells, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and red cell values- MCH, MCV, MCHC
28
erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
speed at which erythrocytes settle out of plasma
29
hematocrit (Hct)
percentage of erythrocytes in a volume of blood
30
hemoglobin test (H, Hg, Hgb, HGB)
total amount of hemoglobin in a sample of peripheral blood
31
platelet count
number of platelets per cubic millimeter or microliter of blood
32
prothrombin time (PT)
test of the ability of blood to clot
33
red blood cell count (RBC)
number of erythrocytes per cubic millimeter
34
red blood cell morphology
microscopic examination of a stained blood smear to determine the shape of individual red cells
35
WBC count
number of leukocytes per cubic millimeter or microliter of blood
36
WBC differential (count)
percentages of different types of leukocytes in the blood
37
leukapheresis
machine is an automated blood cell separator that removes large numbers of WBC and returns red cells, platelets, and plasma to the patient