CH 13: Pathology Flashcards
anemia
deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin
aplastic anemia
failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow; all cell lines will decrease, no formation
pancytopenia
all cell lines decrease
hemolytic anemia
reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction; to destroy RBC
congenital spherocytic anemia
instead of normal biconcave shape, erythrocytes become spheroidal
pernicious anemia
related to B12
sickle cell anemia
gets stuck in vessels
thalassemia
has to do with Mediterranean
hemochromatosis
excess iron deposits throughout body; increase color because of iron
polycythemia vera
many blood cells; increase in RBC (erythremia)
hemophilia
has to do with factor 8; excessive bleeding by heredity lack of blood clotting factors ( 8 or 9) necessary for blood clotting
purpura
multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the skin
petechiae
tiny purple or red flat spots appearing on the skin as a result of hemorrhages
ecchymoses
larger blue or purplish patches on the skin (bruises)
autoimmune thrombocytopenia purpura
person makes an antibody that destroys platelets; bleeding time is prolonged
leukemia
increase in cancerous WBC
acute lymphocytic leukemia (AML)
young people
chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
older people
granulocytosis
abnormal increase in granulocytes in the blood
eosinophilia
increase in eosinophilic granulocytes ; seen in certain allergic condition
basophilia
increase in basophilic granulocytes seen in certain types of leukemia
mononucleosis
infectious disease marked by increased numbers of mononuclear leukocytes and enlarged cervical lymph nodes; transmitted by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
multiple myeloma
malignant neoplasm of bone marrow
antiglobulin test (Coombs test)
test for the presence of antibodies that coat and damage erythrocytes
bleeding time
time required for blood to stop flowing from a tiny puncture wound
coagulation time
time required for venous blood to clot in a test tube
complete blood count (CBC)
determination of numbers of blood cells, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and red cell values- MCH, MCV, MCHC
erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
speed at which erythrocytes settle out of plasma
hematocrit (Hct)
percentage of erythrocytes in a volume of blood
hemoglobin test (H, Hg, Hgb, HGB)
total amount of hemoglobin in a sample of peripheral blood
platelet count
number of platelets per cubic millimeter or microliter of blood
prothrombin time (PT)
test of the ability of blood to clot
red blood cell count (RBC)
number of erythrocytes per cubic millimeter
red blood cell morphology
microscopic examination of a stained blood smear to determine the shape of individual red cells
WBC count
number of leukocytes per cubic millimeter or microliter of blood
WBC differential (count)
percentages of different types of leukocytes in the blood
leukapheresis
machine is an automated blood cell separator that removes large numbers of WBC and returns red cells, platelets, and plasma to the patient
