CH 13: Pathology

Question 1

anemia

Answer 1

deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin

Question 2

aplastic anemia

Answer 2

failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow; all cell lines will decrease, no formation

Question 3

pancytopenia

Answer 3

all cell lines decrease

Question 4

hemolytic anemia

Answer 4

reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction; to destroy RBC

Question 5

congenital spherocytic anemia

Answer 5

instead of normal biconcave shape, erythrocytes become spheroidal

Question 6

pernicious anemia

Answer 6

related to B12

Question 7

sickle cell anemia

Answer 7

gets stuck in vessels

Question 8

thalassemia

Answer 8

has to do with Mediterranean

Question 9

hemochromatosis

Answer 9

excess iron deposits throughout body; increase color because of iron

Question 10

polycythemia vera

Answer 10

many blood cells; increase in RBC (erythremia)

Question 11

hemophilia

Answer 11

has to do with factor 8; excessive bleeding by heredity lack of blood clotting factors ( 8 or 9) necessary for blood clotting

Question 12

purpura

Answer 12

multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the skin

Question 13

petechiae

Answer 13

tiny purple or red flat spots appearing on the skin as a result of hemorrhages

Question 14

ecchymoses

Answer 14

larger blue or purplish patches on the skin (bruises)

Question 15

autoimmune thrombocytopenia purpura

Answer 15

person makes an antibody that destroys platelets; bleeding time is prolonged

Question 16

leukemia

Answer 16

increase in cancerous WBC

Question 17

acute lymphocytic leukemia (AML)

Answer 17

young people

Question 18

chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)

Answer 18

older people

Question 19

granulocytosis

Answer 19

abnormal increase in granulocytes in the blood

Question 20

eosinophilia

Answer 20

increase in eosinophilic granulocytes ; seen in certain allergic condition

Question 21

basophilia

Answer 21

increase in basophilic granulocytes seen in certain types of leukemia

Question 22

mononucleosis

Answer 22

infectious disease marked by increased numbers of mononuclear leukocytes and enlarged cervical lymph nodes; transmitted by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

Question 23

multiple myeloma

Answer 23

malignant neoplasm of bone marrow

Question 24

antiglobulin test (Coombs test)

Answer 24

test for the presence of antibodies that coat and damage erythrocytes

Question 25

bleeding time

Answer 25

time required for blood to stop flowing from a tiny puncture wound

Question 26

coagulation time

Answer 26

time required for venous blood to clot in a test tube

Question 27

complete blood count (CBC)

Answer 27

determination of numbers of blood cells, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and red cell values- MCH, MCV, MCHC

Question 28

erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

Answer 28

speed at which erythrocytes settle out of plasma

Question 29

hematocrit (Hct)

Answer 29

percentage of erythrocytes in a volume of blood

Question 30

hemoglobin test (H, Hg, Hgb, HGB)

Answer 30

total amount of hemoglobin in a sample of peripheral blood

Question 31

platelet count

Answer 31

number of platelets per cubic millimeter or microliter of blood

Question 32

prothrombin time (PT)

Answer 32

test of the ability of blood to clot

Question 33

red blood cell count (RBC)

Answer 33

number of erythrocytes per cubic millimeter

Question 34

red blood cell morphology

Answer 34

microscopic examination of a stained blood smear to determine the shape of individual red cells

Question 35

WBC count

Answer 35

number of leukocytes per cubic millimeter or microliter of blood

Question 36

WBC differential (count)

Answer 36

percentages of different types of leukocytes in the blood

Question 37

leukapheresis

Answer 37

machine is an automated blood cell separator that removes large numbers of WBC and returns red cells, platelets, and plasma to the patient