Ch 13 Meiosis

Question 1

n

Answer 1

number of chromosomes in a single set

Question 2

homologous chromosomes

Answer 2

two sets of chromosomes that have the same length, centromere, and staining pattern

Question 3

chromosome

Answer 3

carry genes in the form of dna

Question 4

chromatid

Answer 4

joined copies of a chromosome

Question 5

somatic cell

Answer 5

diploid cells of the body, everything except gametes and precursors

Question 6

gamete

Answer 6

haploid reproductive cells, transmit genes from one generation to the next

Question 7

sex chromosomes

Answer 7

x and y

Question 8

autosomes

Answer 8

chromosomes that are not X or Y

Question 9

haploid

Answer 9

one set of chromosomes

Question 10

diploid

Answer 10

two sets of chromosomes

Question 11

meiosis

Answer 11

a type of cell division that reduces the number of sets of chromosomes from two in the parent cell to one in each gamete

Question 12

meiosis 1

Answer 12

crossing over, independent assortment

Question 13

crossing over

Answer 13

prophase 1; recombination of alleles; homologs are joined together, two homologs form a tetrad.

Question 14

independent assortment

Answer 14

metaphase 1; homologs do not have to travel with one another, assort themselves independently

Question 15

random fertilization

Answer 15

sparate from meiosis, any given male can fertilize the egg of any given female as long as they are the same species

Question 16

translocation

Answer 16

non homologous chromosomes swap pieces, can ocur during meiosis or later, crossing over occurs with chromosomes that don’t carry the same genes

Question 17

zygote

Answer 17

fertilized egg

Question 18

heredity

Answer 18

inheritance; the transmission of traits from one generation to the next

Question 19

variation

Answer 19

differences between members of the same species

Question 20

genetics

Answer 20

the study of both heredity and inherited variation

Question 21

gene

Answer 21

A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA, in some viruses).

Question 22

locus

Answer 22

specific location along the length of a chromosome

Question 23

asexual reproduction

Answer 23

a single individual is the sole parent and passes copies of all its genes to its offspring without the fusion of gametes

ex: mitotic cell division in single celled eukaryotes
Ex: cells of some multicellular organisms’ offspring arise via mitosis in the parent

Question 24

clone

Answer 24

individual or group of individuals that are genetically identical to the parent

Question 25

Sexual reproduction

Answer 25

two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from two parents

Question 26

life cycle

Answer 26

the generation-to-generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism, from conception to production of its own offspring

Question 27

karyotype

Answer 27

ordered chromosomes: arranged in pairs, starting with the longest chromosomes

Question 28

discrete, biological definition

Answer 28

discontinuous, traits are controlled by a small number of genes, often only one

Question 29

recombinant chromosomes

Answer 29

individual chromosomes that carry genes (DNA) from two different parents