ch 13 for EXAM 3

Question 1

colligative prosperities

Answer 1

physical characteristics of a solution that depends on the number of particles dissolved in a solution

Question 2

vapor pressure

Answer 2

the pressure of gas above a liquid when they are in dynamic equlilbrium

Question 3

volatile

Answer 3

evaporates easily

Question 4

nonvolatile

Answer 4

does not evaporate easily

Question 5

the addition of a non-volatile solute ___ the amount of solvent per unit volume, therefore ____ molecules escape

Answer 5

-reduces
-fewer

Question 6

after adding a non-volatile solute, which reduces the rate of vaporization, the equilibrium is

Answer 6

re-established but with a smaller number of vapor molecules, so the vapor pressure is lower

Question 7

when a pure solvent and a concentrated solution is places under a bell jar…

Answer 7

the solvent molecules will evaporate from each jar, establishing a new equilibrium
-in the pure solvent, the level drops
-in the concentrated solution, the level of solution rises

Question 8

with a bell jar experiment, the net transfer btw the beakers indicates

Answer 8

the vapor pressure of the solution is lower than the pure solvent

Question 9

the thirsty concentrated solution grabs and holds solvent vapor…

Answer 9

more effectively and becomes LESS concentrated

Question 10

raoults law

Answer 10

vapor pressure of a solution is directly proportional to the mole fraction of the solvent for NON-ELECTROLYTE and NON-VOLATILE SOLUTES

Question 11

ideal solution

Answer 11

solute-solute, solvent-solvent = solutle-solvent

Question 12

raoules law for ionic compounds (electrolyte solutions) equation

Answer 12

Xc= (moles of solvent)/ (moles of solvent + i x moles of solute)

Question 13

vapor pressure lowering occurs at

Answer 13

all temperatures

Question 14

freezing point depression

Answer 14

results in the temperature required to freeze a solution being lower than the freezing point of the pure solvent

Question 15

boiling point elevation

Answer 15

results in the temperature required to boil the solution being higher than the boiling point of the pure solvent

Question 16

boiling point increases (w particles and vp)

Answer 16

-particles in solution increase
-vapor pressure decreases

Question 17

osmosis

Answer 17

the passage of solvent through a semipermeable membrane from the less concentrated to the more concentrated side

Question 18

during osmosis, the movement of the solvent through a semipermeable membrane increases the…

Answer 18

volume of the side of the concentrated solution

Question 19

osmotic pressure π

Answer 19

the amount pf pressure necessary to cause osmosis to stop, or the amount of pressure to achieve an equilibrium passage pf solvent molecules through a semipermeable membrane

Question 20

π =

Answer 20

iMRT

Question 21

isotonic

Answer 21

-if 2 solutions have identical osmotic pressures

Question 22

hypotonic

Answer 22

if one solution is of lower osmotic pressure its hypotonic with respect to the more concentrated solution

Question 23

hypertonic

Answer 23

with respect to a dilute solution, the more concentrated solution is hypertonic

Question 24

reverse osmosis

Answer 24

if the solution in contact with pure solvent separated by a semipermeable membrane is subjected to an external pressure greater than osmotic pressure