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Bio 30 > Ch 13- Endocrine System > Flashcards

Ch 13- Endocrine System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is the difference between positive and negative feedback?

A

positive- continue, increase

negative- stop, slowdown

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2
Q

what does the nervous system do?

A

enables body to adjust quickly in the environment, FAST

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3
Q

what does the endocrine system do?

A

maintains control over long durations, SLOW

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4
Q

what is iodine?

A

an ingredient for thyroxin

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5
Q

what are the 8 endocrine glands?

A
  1. hypothalamus
  2. pituitary
  3. thyroid
  4. parathyroid
  5. adrenal
  6. pancreas
    7: ovaries
  7. testes
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6
Q

what is the pituitary?

A

master gland, has 2 lobes- produces 8 hormones

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7
Q

name the 6 anterior pituitary hormones

A
  1. HGH
  2. TSH
  3. ACTH
  4. FSH
  5. LH
  6. Prolactin
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8
Q

what does HGH stand for

A

human growth hormone

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9
Q

what does TSH stand for

A

thyroid stimulating hormone

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10
Q

what does ACTH stand for

A

adreno-cortico-tropic hormone (metabolism)

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11
Q

what does FSH stand for

A

follicle stimulating hormone

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12
Q

what does LH stand for

A

lutenizing hormone

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13
Q

what does prolactin do

A

produce milk

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14
Q

what are the 2 posterior pituitary hormones?

A
  1. ADH

2. Oxytocin

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15
Q

what does ADH stand for

A

antidiuretic hormone (retain H20)

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16
Q

what does Oxytocin do?

A

release milk + uterine contractions

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17
Q

what is hypersecretion + 2 examples

A

when too much HGH is released

  1. gigantism
  2. acromegaly
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18
Q

what is gigantism

A

high HGH, growth plates are soft (hypersecretion)

19
Q

what is hyposecretion + 2 examples

A

when too little HGH is released

  1. frolichs
  2. primordial
20
Q

what is frolichs?

A

misproportioned, “little people”

21
Q

what is primordial

A

smallest in the world

22
Q

what are the 2 hormones the thyroid gland makes?

A
  1. thyroxin

2. calcitonin

23
Q

what is thyroxin and what does it do

A

increase metabolism
60% as heat
40% as energy
TSH from the pituitary stimulates the thyroid to release thyroxin into blood

24
Q

what is calcitonin and what does it do

A

regulates amount of calcium in blood. let’s calcium into the cells, decreasing blood calcium

25
Q

what is the parathyroid and which chemical does it produce

A

made of 4 small glands, releases hormone called PTH

26
Q

what does PTH do

A

stops the release of calcitonin from the thyroid, increasing blood calcium

27
Q

what does the pancreas do

A

regulates bloods sugars + produces 2 hormones- Insulin and Glucagon

28
Q

what does insulin do

A

reduces blood sugars, glucose-> glycogen

29
Q

what does glucagon do

A

increases blood sugar, glycogen-> glucose

30
Q

what is sugar diabetes and what are the 3 types

A

inability to produce insulin

type 1, type 2, gestational diabetes

31
Q

what are the adrenal glands + where are they located

A 
“kidney hats” they produce 4 hormones
adrenalin 
noradrenaline 
cortisol
aldosterone
32
Q

what is adrenalin

A

increase HR + BR

33
Q

what is cortisol

A

tissue repair

34
Q

what is noradrenaline

A

increase nervous system

35
Q

what is aldosterone

A

what retention w/ sodium

36
Q

what is the male sex hormone and what does it do

A

testosterone, puberty + stimulates sperm production

37
Q

what are the 4 female sex hormones

A

F (FSH)
E (Estrogen)
L (LH)
P (Progesterone)

38
Q

what does FSH do and where does it come from

A 
from pituitary 
egg maturing (follicle)
39
Q

what does Estrogen and where does it come from

A

from maturing follicle

builds endometrium

40
Q

what does LH do and where does it come from

A

from pituitary

ovulation

41
Q

what does Progesterone do and where does it come from

A

from corpus luteum

maintains (keeps endometrium)

42
Q

signs/hormone balance if pregnant

A

high progesterone

embryo releases hormone HCG -signal tells luteum to continue

43
Q

signs/hormone balance if not pregnant

A

low progesterone
endometrium shed
high FSH

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