Ch 13- Endocrine System

Question 1

what is the difference between positive and negative feedback?

Answer 1

positive- continue, increase

negative- stop, slowdown

Question 2

what does the nervous system do?

Answer 2

enables body to adjust quickly in the environment, FAST

Question 3

what does the endocrine system do?

Answer 3

maintains control over long durations, SLOW

Question 4

what is iodine?

Answer 4

an ingredient for thyroxin

Question 5

what are the 8 endocrine glands?

Answer 5

1. hypothalamus
2. pituitary
3. thyroid
4. parathyroid
5. adrenal
6. pancreas
   7: ovaries
7. testes

Question 6

what is the pituitary?

Answer 6

master gland, has 2 lobes- produces 8 hormones

Question 7

name the 6 anterior pituitary hormones

Answer 7

1. HGH
2. TSH
3. ACTH
4. FSH
5. LH
6. Prolactin

Question 8

what does HGH stand for

Answer 8

human growth hormone

Question 9

what does TSH stand for

Answer 9

thyroid stimulating hormone

Question 10

what does ACTH stand for

Answer 10

adreno-cortico-tropic hormone (metabolism)

Question 11

what does FSH stand for

Answer 11

follicle stimulating hormone

Question 12

what does LH stand for

Answer 12

lutenizing hormone

Question 13

what does prolactin do

Answer 13

produce milk

Question 14

what are the 2 posterior pituitary hormones?

Answer 14

1. ADH

2. Oxytocin

Question 15

what does ADH stand for

Answer 15

antidiuretic hormone (retain H20)

Question 16

what does Oxytocin do?

Answer 16

release milk + uterine contractions

Question 17

what is hypersecretion + 2 examples

Answer 17

when too much HGH is released

1. gigantism
2. acromegaly

Question 18

what is gigantism

Answer 18

high HGH, growth plates are soft (hypersecretion)

Question 19

what is hyposecretion + 2 examples

Answer 19

when too little HGH is released

1. frolichs
2. primordial

Question 20

what is frolichs?

Answer 20

misproportioned, “little people”

Question 21

what is primordial

Answer 21

smallest in the world

Question 22

what are the 2 hormones the thyroid gland makes?

Answer 22

1. thyroxin

2. calcitonin

Question 23

what is thyroxin and what does it do

Answer 23

increase metabolism
60% as heat
40% as energy
TSH from the pituitary stimulates the thyroid to release thyroxin into blood

Question 24

what is calcitonin and what does it do

Answer 24

regulates amount of calcium in blood. let’s calcium into the cells, decreasing blood calcium

Question 25

what is the parathyroid and which chemical does it produce

Answer 25

made of 4 small glands, releases hormone called PTH

Question 26

what does PTH do

Answer 26

stops the release of calcitonin from the thyroid, increasing blood calcium

Question 27

what does the pancreas do

Answer 27

regulates bloods sugars + produces 2 hormones- Insulin and Glucagon

Question 28

what does insulin do

Answer 28

reduces blood sugars, glucose-> glycogen

Question 29

what does glucagon do

Answer 29

increases blood sugar, glycogen-> glucose

Question 30

what is sugar diabetes and what are the 3 types

Answer 30

inability to produce insulin | type 1, type 2, gestational diabetes

Question 31

what are the adrenal glands + where are they located

Answer 31

``` “kidney hats” they produce 4 hormones adrenalin noradrenaline cortisol aldosterone ```

Question 32

what is adrenalin

Answer 32

increase HR + BR

Question 33

what is cortisol

Answer 33

tissue repair

Question 34

what is noradrenaline

Answer 34

increase nervous system

Question 35

what is aldosterone

Answer 35

what retention w/ sodium

Question 36

what is the male sex hormone and what does it do

Answer 36

testosterone, puberty + stimulates sperm production

Question 37

what are the 4 female sex hormones

Answer 37

F (FSH) E (Estrogen) L (LH) P (Progesterone)

Question 38

what does FSH do and where does it come from

Answer 38

``` from pituitary egg maturing (follicle) ```

Question 39

what does Estrogen and where does it come from

Answer 39

from maturing follicle | builds endometrium

Question 40

what does LH do and where does it come from

Answer 40

from pituitary | ovulation

Question 41

what does Progesterone do and where does it come from

Answer 41

from corpus luteum | maintains (keeps endometrium)

Question 42

signs/hormone balance if pregnant

Answer 42

high progesterone | embryo releases hormone HCG -signal tells luteum to continue

Question 43

signs/hormone balance if not pregnant

Answer 43

low progesterone endometrium shed high FSH