Ch 13: Comfort and Pain Management Flashcards
what is comfort
-relative
-Sense of physical, emotional, social, and spiritual peace and well-being
what is pain
-Unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage
-Subjective and relies on the patient’s perception and description
pain arising from tissue damage
nociceptive pain
pain arising from damage to the damage-reporting system itself, the nervous system
neuropathic pain
pain in older adults
More than half of older adults report pain daily
Older adults may underreport or overreport pain
Acute vs. chronic pain
Somatic vs. visceral pain
why are older adults more sensitive to pain
decreased transmission signals
effects of unrelieved pain
limit mobility
develop pressure ulcers
pneumonia
constipation
lack of appetite
malnutrition
dehydration
depression
parts of the pain assessment
qualitative and quantitative
pair with objective data from physical assessment
factors to consider for pain assessment
Cognitive impairment
Culture
Knowledge deficits
Inadequate pain assessment
Biases or assumptions
Staffing issues
complementary therapies for pain management
Acupressure
Acupuncture
Aromatherapy
Biofeedback
Chiropractic
Electrical stimulation
Exercises
Guided imagery
Heat/cold therapies
Herbal medicine
Homeopathic
Hypnosis
Massage
Meditation
Naturopathy
Osteopathy
Prayer
Progressive relaxation
Supplements to reduce cause of pain (feverfew, ginger, turmeric, valerian, devil’s claw)
Touch
dietary changes for pain management
Eliminate foods with arachidonic acid (egg yolks, beef fat, corn, sunflower, soybean, peanut oils)
Consume green leafy vegetables
Omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants reduce inflammation
Garlic, turmeric, and ginger
medication approaches for pain management
Use analgesics appropriately and monitor closely
Weakest type of drug first and increase gradually
Use narcotics with caution
Give meds on a schedule to prevent pain
comfort measures for pain management
Spending quality time promotes comfort and healing
Give the patient undivided attention regardless of the length of time
Listen attentively
Explain
Touch
Perceive and not ignore issues
Assuring comfort is a dynamic process and displays healing
