CH 13 - Cardiovascular Assessment

Question 1

Heart A&P

Answer 1

• Hollow muscular organ
• 5 inches (length) X 3.5 inches (width) x 2.5 inches (thickness)
• Base: top of the heart
• Apex: bottom of the heart
• Precordium
• 4 Layers: Endocardium, Myocardium, Epicardium, Pericardium

Question 2

Cardiac Chambers, Heart Valves, Phases of Cardiac Cycle

Answer 2

Cardiac Chambers:
- Atria:The upper two heart chambers
- Ventricles: The bottom two heart chambers

Heart Valves:
- Atrioventricular
- Semilunar

Phases of Cardiac Cycle
- Diastole: Heart relaxes fill with blood
- Systole: Heart contracts and squeezes blood out

Question 3

Conduction System of the Heart

Answer 3

• Sinoatrial Node- Pacemaker of the heart
• Atrioventricular Node- Electrically connects the atria to the ventricles
• Bundle of His-transmits electrical impulses
• Purkinje Fibers-transmits electrical impulses
• Depolarization versus repolarization-contract and relax the heart: electrocardiogram rhythm

Question 4

Waveforms & Intervals

Answer 4

P: Atrial Contraction
- Depolarization
- Decompressing

QRS: Ventricle contraction
- Depolarization
- Decompressing

T: Ventricles
- Relaxing
- Repolarizing
- Refilling with blood

PR Interval: Movement of electrical activity from atria to verticles

ST Segment: time between verticular depolarization and repolarization (Ventricular Contraction)

QT Interval: Time take from ventricles to depolarize, contract, and repolarize