Ch 13 - Animalia Phylum

Question 1

Sponges

Answer 1

Phylum Proifera

Question 2

Jellyfish, corals & sea anemones

Answer 2

Phylum Cnidaria

Question 3

Flatworms (tapeworms & flukes)

Answer 3

Phylum Platyhelminthes

Question 4

Roundworms

Answer 4

Phylum Nematoda

Question 5

Segmented worms (Earthworms, marine worms and leeches)

Answer 5

Phylum Annelida

Question 6

Clams, scallops, mussels, octopus, squid

Answer 6

Phylum Mollusca

Question 7

Snails and slugs

Answer 7

Gastropods

Question 8

Clams, scallops, oysters, mussels

Answer 8

Bivalves

Question 9

Nautilus, squid, octopus

Answer 9

Cephalopods

Question 10

Insects, spiders, scorpions, shrimp, crabs, millipedes

Answer 10

Phylum Anthropod

Question 11

4 major lineages in Phylum Anthropod with example

Answer 11

1. Millipedes & centipedes
2. Chelicerates: spiders
3. Crustaceans: shrimp
4. Insects: butterfly

Question 12

Sea stars, sand dollars, sea urchins

Answer 12

Phylum Echinodermata

Question 13

Tunicates, lancelets, vertebrates

Answer 13

Phylum Chorodata

Question 14

Birds, dinosaurs, turtles, lizards, snakes and crocodiles

Answer 14

Reptiles

Question 15

3 species of humans (genus homo)

Answer 15

1. Homo neanderthalensis
2. Homo floresiensis
3. Homo erectus

Question 16

3 categories of jawed fish

Answer 16

1. Cartilaginous fish (sharks)
2. Ray-finned fish (fish)
3. Lobe-finned fish

Question 17

First terrestrial vertebrates

Answer 17

Amphibians

Question 18

3 problems presented when vertebrates moved to land

Answer 18

1. Problems with respiration = lungs developed
2. The pull of gravity = joints and interlocking vertebrae developed
3. Desiccation of eggs = shells developed

Question 19

Why do amphibians need to remain near water?

Answer 19

They lay their eggs in water

Question 20

What are the two evolutionary lineages that diverged following the appearance of amniotic vertebrates?

Answer 20

1. Reptiles

2. Mammals

Question 21

When did humans first appear & where?

Answer 21

2.5 mya, in Africa.

Question 22

When did Homo sapiens cross the Bering Straits land bridge?

Answer 22

15,000 yr ago

Question 23

What is endothermy?

Answer 23

Warm-bloodedness

Question 24

What does viviparous mean?

Answer 24

Give birth to babies

Question 25

What did Australopithecine look like and when did they first appear?

Answer 25

3.5-4 mya. 3 ft tall Bipedal Brain was the same size as chimpanzees

Question 26

Basic features of primates

Answer 26

``` Forward directed eyes Binocular vision Shoulder & elbow joints Fingers with opposable thumbs Toes ```

Question 27

When did primates originate?

Answer 27

55 mya

Question 28

Which primate is thought to be closest related to humans?

Answer 28

Chimpanzees

Question 29

Structure of Phylum Proifera

Answer 29

Hollow, tube body. Three layers: outside - epithelial cells, middle - gel layer, inside - collar cells.

Question 30

Which phylum doesn’t have defined tissues?

Answer 30

Phylum Proifera (sponges)

Question 31

Does Phylum Cnidaria have defined tissues? What kind of symmetry?

Answer 31

+defined tissues | +radial symmetry

Question 32

Two body types in Phylum Cnidaria

Answer 32

Sessile polyp & free-floating Medusa

Question 33

What are cnidocytes? How do they help with feeding? What phylum are they in?

Answer 33

Phylum Cnidaria. Cnidocytes are stinging cells, they release a toxin to help catch prey

Question 34

What are coral reefs?

Answer 34

Colonies of coral linked together by calcium carbonate in large assemblies

Question 35

What is zooxanthellae and why is it important in coral?

Answer 35

An algae that lives within coral and helps coral obtain its nutrients

Question 36

What is coral bleaching?

Answer 36

When coral gets too warm they expel zooxanthellae (gives coral it’s color) giving the coral a bleached look

Question 37

What are the four questions asked when grouping animals?

Answer 37

1. Defined tissues vs not? 2. Radial or bilateral symmetry? 3. Protostomes or deuterosomes? 4. Growth by molting or continuous growth of body mass?

Question 38

Do worms have tissues? Symmetry? Protostomes or deuterostomes?

Answer 38

Defined tissues. Bilateral symmetry. Protostomes.

Question 39

Does Phylum Mollusca have defined tissues? Symmetry? Protostomes or deuterostomes? Molt or grow by body mass?

Answer 39

Defined tissues. Bilateral symmetry. Protostomes. Grow by adding body mass.

Question 40

What is mantle?

Answer 40

The mantle secretes calcium carbonate to create the shell

Question 41

What is radula?

Answer 41

The sandpaper-like tongue structure

Question 42

What does Gastropod mean?

Answer 42

“Belly foot”

Question 43

How do bivalves feed?

Answer 43

Filter feeders: draw water thru an incurrent siphon, goes across gills to collect food particles and then out the excurrent siphon

Question 44

How do Cephalopods eat?

Answer 44

They bring prey to their mouth, bite down and pull into mouth by action if radula. Some have toxin too.

Question 45

Does Phylum Anthropods have defined tissues? Symmetry? Protostomes or deuterostomes? Molt or grow by body mass?

Answer 45

Defined tissues. Bilateral symmetry. Protostomes. Molting.

Question 46

What is the exoskeleton of anthropods made of?

Answer 46

Chitin

Question 47

What two adaptations have played key roles in the success of insects?

Answer 47

1. Wings | 2. Metamorphosis

Question 48

What kind of symmetry does Phylum Echinodermata have?

Answer 48

As larvae they are bilateral symmetry and as adults they have radial symmetry

Question 49

Why is Phylum Echinodermata more closely related to humans than any other invertebrates?

Answer 49

They’re both deuterostomes

Question 50

Phylum Chordata: symmetry? Protostomes or deuterostomes?

Answer 50

Bilateral symmetry. Deuterostomes.

Question 51

Do lancelets have all chordata characteristics in both larvae and adult forms?

Answer 51

Yes

Question 52

Two earliest vertebrates

Answer 52

1. lampreys | 2. hagfish

Question 53

What are the major types of reptiles?

Answer 53

Birds, dinosaurs, snakes, turtles, lizards and crocodiles