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Bio Ch 13 > Ch 13 - Animalia Phylum > Flashcards

Ch 13 - Animalia Phylum Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Sponges

A

Phylum Proifera

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2
Q

Jellyfish, corals & sea anemones

A

Phylum Cnidaria

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3
Q

Flatworms (tapeworms & flukes)

A

Phylum Platyhelminthes

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4
Q

Roundworms

A

Phylum Nematoda

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5
Q

Segmented worms (Earthworms, marine worms and leeches)

A

Phylum Annelida

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6
Q

Clams, scallops, mussels, octopus, squid

A

Phylum Mollusca

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7
Q

Snails and slugs

A

Gastropods

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8
Q

Clams, scallops, oysters, mussels

A

Bivalves

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9
Q

Nautilus, squid, octopus

A

Cephalopods

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10
Q

Insects, spiders, scorpions, shrimp, crabs, millipedes

A

Phylum Anthropod

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11
Q

4 major lineages in Phylum Anthropod with example

A
  1. Millipedes & centipedes
  2. Chelicerates: spiders
  3. Crustaceans: shrimp
  4. Insects: butterfly
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12
Q

Sea stars, sand dollars, sea urchins

A

Phylum Echinodermata

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13
Q

Tunicates, lancelets, vertebrates

A

Phylum Chorodata

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14
Q

Birds, dinosaurs, turtles, lizards, snakes and crocodiles

A

Reptiles

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15
Q

3 species of humans (genus homo)

A
  1. Homo neanderthalensis
  2. Homo floresiensis
  3. Homo erectus
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16
Q

3 categories of jawed fish

A
  1. Cartilaginous fish (sharks)
  2. Ray-finned fish (fish)
  3. Lobe-finned fish
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17
Q

First terrestrial vertebrates

A

Amphibians

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18
Q

3 problems presented when vertebrates moved to land

A
  1. Problems with respiration = lungs developed
  2. The pull of gravity = joints and interlocking vertebrae developed
  3. Desiccation of eggs = shells developed
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19
Q

Why do amphibians need to remain near water?

A

They lay their eggs in water

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20
Q

What are the two evolutionary lineages that diverged following the appearance of amniotic vertebrates?

A
  1. Reptiles

2. Mammals

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21
Q

When did humans first appear & where?

A

2.5 mya, in Africa.

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22
Q

When did Homo sapiens cross the Bering Straits land bridge?

A

15,000 yr ago

23
Q

What is endothermy?

A

Warm-bloodedness

24
Q

What does viviparous mean?

A

Give birth to babies

25
Q

What did Australopithecine look like and when did they first appear?

A

3.5-4 mya.
3 ft tall
Bipedal
Brain was the same size as chimpanzees

26
Q

Basic features of primates

A 
Forward directed eyes
Binocular vision
Shoulder & elbow joints 
Fingers with opposable thumbs
Toes
27
Q

When did primates originate?

A

55 mya

28
Q

Which primate is thought to be closest related to humans?

A

Chimpanzees

29
Q

Structure of Phylum Proifera

A

Hollow, tube body. Three layers: outside - epithelial cells, middle - gel layer, inside - collar cells.

30
Q

Which phylum doesn’t have defined tissues?

A

Phylum Proifera (sponges)

31
Q

Does Phylum Cnidaria have defined tissues? What kind of symmetry?

A

+defined tissues

+radial symmetry

32
Q

Two body types in Phylum Cnidaria

A

Sessile polyp & free-floating Medusa

33
Q

What are cnidocytes? How do they help with feeding? What phylum are they in?

A

Phylum Cnidaria. Cnidocytes are stinging cells, they release a toxin to help catch prey

34
Q

What are coral reefs?

A

Colonies of coral linked together by calcium carbonate in large assemblies

35
Q

What is zooxanthellae and why is it important in coral?

A

An algae that lives within coral and helps coral obtain its nutrients

36
Q

What is coral bleaching?

A

When coral gets too warm they expel zooxanthellae (gives coral it’s color) giving the coral a bleached look

37
Q

What are the four questions asked when grouping animals?

A
  1. Defined tissues vs not?
  2. Radial or bilateral symmetry?
  3. Protostomes or deuterosomes?
  4. Growth by molting or continuous growth of body mass?
38
Q

Do worms have tissues? Symmetry? Protostomes or deuterostomes?

A

Defined tissues. Bilateral symmetry. Protostomes.

39
Q

Does Phylum Mollusca have defined tissues? Symmetry? Protostomes or deuterostomes? Molt or grow by body mass?

A

Defined tissues. Bilateral symmetry. Protostomes. Grow by adding body mass.

40
Q

What is mantle?

A

The mantle secretes calcium carbonate to create the shell

41
Q

What is radula?

A

The sandpaper-like tongue structure

42
Q

What does Gastropod mean?

A

“Belly foot”

43
Q

How do bivalves feed?

A

Filter feeders: draw water thru an incurrent siphon, goes across gills to collect food particles and then out the excurrent siphon

44
Q

How do Cephalopods eat?

A

They bring prey to their mouth, bite down and pull into mouth by action if radula. Some have toxin too.

45
Q

Does Phylum Anthropods have defined tissues? Symmetry? Protostomes or deuterostomes? Molt or grow by body mass?

A

Defined tissues. Bilateral symmetry. Protostomes. Molting.

46
Q

What is the exoskeleton of anthropods made of?

A

Chitin

47
Q

What two adaptations have played key roles in the success of insects?

A
  1. Wings

2. Metamorphosis

48
Q

What kind of symmetry does Phylum Echinodermata have?

A

As larvae they are bilateral symmetry and as adults they have radial symmetry

49
Q

Why is Phylum Echinodermata more closely related to humans than any other invertebrates?

A

They’re both deuterostomes

50
Q

Phylum Chordata: symmetry? Protostomes or deuterostomes?

A

Bilateral symmetry. Deuterostomes.

51
Q

Do lancelets have all chordata characteristics in both larvae and adult forms?

A

Yes

52
Q

Two earliest vertebrates

A
  1. lampreys

2. hagfish

53
Q

What are the major types of reptiles?

A

Birds, dinosaurs, snakes, turtles, lizards and crocodiles

Bio Ch 13 (1 decks)

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