Ch. 13

Question 1

Teaching new behaviors by differentially reinforcing successive approximations toward the behavioral objective.

Answer 1

shaping

Question 2

The gradual changes in the form or shape or other features of a behavior as it increasingly approaches its intended topography

Answer 2

successive approximation

Question 3

differentially reinforcing closer and closer approximations toward approaching an object the client fears or avoids, while the participant continues to relax

Answer 3

contact desensitization

Question 4

characterized by contingencies managed in such a way that the student progresses successfully in steps from one level of difficulty to the next. Confirmation of correct responses is assumed to provide a reinforcing function.

Answer 4

programmed instruction

Question 5

goals are clearly defined, step sizes relatively small, study questions prompt correct responses, and feedback and reinforcement delivered consistently and with minimal delay. by self-pacing, use of proctors, unit mastery, emphasis on the written word, and occasional motivational lectures and demonstrations

Answer 5

personalized system of instruction (PSI)