Ch. 12 - The Respiratory System

Question 1

What does the UPPER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM consist of?

Answer 1

• Nose
• Pharynx
• Larynx
• Trachea

Question 2

What are the paranasal sinuses?

Answer 2

• Maxillary
• Frontal
• Sphenoid
• Ethmoid

Are situated among the facial bones around the nasal cavity.

Question 3

What is the function of the sinuses?

Answer 3

They reduce weight of the skull, produce mucus, and influence voice quality.

Question 4

What does the pharynx consist of?

Answer 4

The nasopharynx , oropharynx, and laryngopharynx. And it extends from the back of the mouth to the esopahgus.

Question 5

What is the function of the pharynx?

Answer 5

It is a passageway for moving air to the lungs and food to the esophagus.

Question 6

Where are the tonsils located?

Answer 6

In the oropharynx, which are part of the lymphatic system.

Question 7

Where are the adenoids located?

Answer 7

In the nasopharynx (also part of the lymphatic system)

Question 8

What carries oxygen into the lungs?

Answer 8

The bronchi

Question 9

What is the primary respiratory muscle?

Answer 9

The diaphragm

Question 10

What happens if the muscles of the diaphragm and chest paralize?

Answer 10

Abscence of breathing, also known as sleep apnea

Question 11

What happens if any bones of the thorax or chest wall become injured?

Answer 11

Breathing can be affected.

Question 12

What is complience?

Answer 12

It describes the elasticity of the lungs or how easily the lungs inflate

Question 13

What happens when complience is decreased?

Answer 13

The lungs are more difficult to inflate

Question 14

What affects complience and why?

Answer 14

COPD and aging. Because of damage in the alveoli

Question 15

What is Kyphosis?

Answer 15

Inward curvature and collapse

Question 16

What is the function of surfactant?

Answer 16

It facilitates expansion with inspiration and prevents alveolar collapse on expiration

Question 17

What is ventilation?

Answer 17

The ability of the lungs and chest to move air in and out of the body

Question 18

Who is more susceptible to URI?

Answer 18

Older adults due to their decreased immune system

Question 19

What is hypoxia?

Answer 19

O2 deficit in the blood

Question 20

What is hypercapnia?

Answer 20

Excessive amounts of CO2 in the blood

Question 21

What is perfusion?

Answer 21

The delivery of fluids through the blood vessels to body tissues.

Question 22

What is surfactant?

Answer 22

A complex lipoprotein produced by cells lining the alveoli, which lowers surface tension within the alveoli.

Question 23

Restrictive

Answer 23

The expansion of the lung and chest wall is limited either by abnormalities in the bony structures or by inability of the lung tissue to expand

Question 24

Obstructive

Answer 24

Problem moving air into and out of the lungs. Inhalation and exhalation is difficult.

Question 25

Examples of ebstructibe lung diseases

Answer 25

• Asthma
• Emphysema
• Chonic bronchitis
• Tumors

Question 26

What is diffusion?

Answer 26

The movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide across the alveolar-capillary membrane. It takes place between the gas in the laveolar spaces and the blood in the pulmonary capillaries.

Question 27

What is Elastance?

Answer 27

The extent to which the lungs are able to return to their oiginal position after being stretched or distended.

Question 28

What is Hypoxemia?

Answer 28

Deficient oxygenation of the blood

Question 29

What is resistance?

Answer 29

The force working against the passage of air. The major determinant is the radius of the airway.