Ch. 12 - The Respiratory System Flashcards
What does the UPPER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM consist of?
- Nose
- Pharynx
- Larynx
- Trachea
What are the paranasal sinuses?
- Maxillary
- Frontal
- Sphenoid
- Ethmoid
Are situated among the facial bones around the nasal cavity.
What is the function of the sinuses?
They reduce weight of the skull, produce mucus, and influence voice quality.
What does the pharynx consist of?
The nasopharynx , oropharynx, and laryngopharynx. And it extends from the back of the mouth to the esopahgus.
What is the function of the pharynx?
It is a passageway for moving air to the lungs and food to the esophagus.
Where are the tonsils located?
In the oropharynx, which are part of the lymphatic system.
Where are the adenoids located?
In the nasopharynx (also part of the lymphatic system)
What carries oxygen into the lungs?
The bronchi
What is the primary respiratory muscle?
The diaphragm
What happens if the muscles of the diaphragm and chest paralize?
Abscence of breathing, also known as sleep apnea
What happens if any bones of the thorax or chest wall become injured?
Breathing can be affected.
What is complience?
It describes the elasticity of the lungs or how easily the lungs inflate
What happens when complience is decreased?
The lungs are more difficult to inflate
What affects complience and why?
COPD and aging. Because of damage in the alveoli
What is Kyphosis?
Inward curvature and collapse
What is the function of surfactant?
It facilitates expansion with inspiration and prevents alveolar collapse on expiration
What is ventilation?
The ability of the lungs and chest to move air in and out of the body
Who is more susceptible to URI?
Older adults due to their decreased immune system
What is hypoxia?
O2 deficit in the blood
What is hypercapnia?
Excessive amounts of CO2 in the blood
What is perfusion?
The delivery of fluids through the blood vessels to body tissues.
What is surfactant?
A complex lipoprotein produced by cells lining the alveoli, which lowers surface tension within the alveoli.
Restrictive
The expansion of the lung and chest wall is limited either by abnormalities in the bony structures or by inability of the lung tissue to expand
Obstructive
Problem moving air into and out of the lungs. Inhalation and exhalation is difficult.
Examples of ebstructibe lung diseases
- Asthma
- Emphysema
- Chonic bronchitis
- Tumors
What is diffusion?
The movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide across the alveolar-capillary membrane. It takes place between the gas in the laveolar spaces and the blood in the pulmonary capillaries.
What is Elastance?
The extent to which the lungs are able to return to their oiginal position after being stretched or distended.
What is Hypoxemia?
Deficient oxygenation of the blood
What is resistance?
The force working against the passage of air. The major determinant is the radius of the airway.
